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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is motivation? |
Process within the brain controlling which behaviours and physiological changes occur and when. Involves goals, actions, behaviour sequences, homeostasis, drive, and perhaps feelings and emotions. -It is not real, but a concept used to understand the variability of behaviour |
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Motivational strength |
Probability of performing a given behaviour and he frequency, or vigour, with which it is performed. e.g., a more hungry rat will more often press a button to get food |
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Why use preference tests? |
-Easier to quantify motivational strength than with stereotypy, stress hormones. -Easy to interpret: animal shows you what they want |
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Measuring motivation to assess preferences |
Learning to perform a task - if an animal learns a task to get access to enviro motivation is higher than if they don't. How hard will an animal work? What price will they pay to gain access to a preferred choice? Economic analysis - Inelastic vs elastic demand curves |
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Inelastic demand curve in economic analysis of motivation |
Show necessities. The animal keeps paying for no matter how high the price |
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Elastic demand curve in economic analysis of motivation |
Luxuries. There is a limit to how much an animal will pay for it |
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4 economic manipulations experiments to measure motivation |
1. Limiting available time (reducing income) 2. Obstructive techniques (increase cost) 3. Operant conditioning (increase cost) 4. Aversion testing (measure avoidance |
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What have motivation tests shown in sows? |
Motivation for a day's access to a non-enriched group pen is no greater in dominant sows than motivation for food when close to satiation. Little evidence that sows are highly motivated for non-enriched space with social contact. Having an enriched enviro increased motivation, but not by much. |
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Aversive handling and milk yield |
Less milk obtained, more residual milk, increased defecation and urination in parlor when aversive handler present. Handler only aversive in free stall area. Gentle handlers and those who did nothing to cow had same effect. |
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Why measure motivation? |
Measures of motivation tell us directly about an animal's feelings. More sensitive than many other measures |
