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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was behaviorism rebelling against?
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- psychoanalytic theory
- introspection - Darwin theory (humans limited by gene) |
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What are the themes of Behavior therapy?
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- focuses on behavior that is OBVIOUS and not hidden
- behavior is LEARNED, can be UNLEARNED, and RELEARNED - focuses on the present - takes the presenting problem seriously - technique = curative factor - values empirical data & scientific methods |
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Who did classical conditioning?
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Pavlov, Watson, & Wolpe
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Who did operant conditioning?
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Thorndike & Skinner
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Who did social learning?
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Bandura
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What is classical conditioning?
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- learning through ASSOCIATION
- ex : the psychic secretion in dogs - there is the UCS --> UCR CS --> UCS --> UCR CS --> CR |
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Extinguishing
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- get rid of an association, decrease behavior
- don't pair the response with the stimulus -ex: a teacher ignores the student's disruptive behavior so she doesn't give her attention |
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Habituating
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tendency to have decreased response to something.
repeated exposure over time to a stimulus eventually results in a decrease response. |
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Generalizing
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when a conditioned response starts to happen in response to similar stimuli and not just the conditioned stimuli
ex: when a dog starts to sit up with the word "sit" but also the word "bit" |
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Differentiation
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when a skill becomes more sophisticated and broken into subsets.
ex: when a child learns how to walk, and then becomes more sophisticated by skipping, running, jumping and more. |
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What was the Dog Trauma with Pavlov's experiment?
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Pavlov taught the dogs to salivate to a circular shape and made the differentiation task more like a circle too, so the dogs were unable to differentiate and freaked out.
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Who was the first major proponent of Behaviorism?
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Watson
He wrote "Psychology as the Behaviorist Sees it" in 1913 |
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What was Watson trying to prove with the Baby Experiment?
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He made a baby learn to be afraid of rats...
he was trying to show that phobias aren't due to Oedipal problems, but that they can be learned. |
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What was Wolpe's point of view?
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Wolpe believed that fear responses could be counterconditioned by pairing feared stimulus with food (for cats) or with relaxation (with humans)
He believed it worked b/c of inhibition. |
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Systematic Desentization
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working your way up the hierarchy of feared situations
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Imaginal Desentization
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Used for fears that can't have direct exposure
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In Vivo Desentization
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Live exposure to fearful things
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What is the curative factor?
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Habituation, and not relaxation
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SWhat was Skinner's point of view?
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He thought that humans were black boxes and was more concerned with the input & output rather than what went on in the inside
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Positive reinforcement
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Provides pleasure
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Negative reinforcement
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Removes displeasure
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Frustrative nonreward
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Removes Pleasure
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Punishment
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Provides displeasure
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Shaping
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rewarding for behavior that is one step closer to the desired behavior
ex: getting the rat to push the lever |
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Token Economy
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modifying behaviors in order to receive more tokens.
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Social Learning Theory
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Bandura
Learning takes place by observing others |
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self efficacy
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belief that you have the ability to accomplish a specific task
bandura -- increases motivation to learn |
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Maladaptive behavior
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Behaviorists believe that behavior is neither bad or good, but it is this if it deals with distress, impaired functioning, or socially inappropriate outcomes
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difficulties in stimulus control (m.a.b)
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overreacting to harmless stimuli
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deficient behavioral (m.a.b)
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lacking assertive skills
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Aversive Behaviorial Repertoires (m.a.b)
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Bullying
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Difficulties with reinforces (m.a.b)
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inappropriate reinforces, lack of reinforcers, conflicting reinforces
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aversive self-reinforcing systems
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overly high standards for self
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what does behavior therapy think about depressive behavior?
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it believes depressive behavior is due to an effort to cope with an environment that provides little positive reinforcement and high levels of aversive control
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What does behavior therapy target?
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It targets avoidance and withdrawal by identifying events that trigger a negative internal response & lead to an avoidance pattern (TRAP)
helps by finding alternative coping strategies (TRAC) |
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What are positives about behavior therapy?
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it respects the symptom
focuses on client's lives and accomodate diversity short term, cost effective wide spectrum supportive research concrete, active |
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negatives about behavior therapy?
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ignoring important mental goals and problems
amorality over reductive not clear about curative mechanisms being the ones specified by the theory |
