Behavioral Theory: Respondent & Classical Conditioning

Front 1

Respondent Behavior

Back 1

- involuntary behavior (ie. anxiety) automatically elicited by certain behavior
- stimulus elicits response (trigger)

Front 2

Operant Behavior

Back 2

- voluntary behavior (ie. walking) controlled by its consequences in the environment
- actions before or after behavior must be changed

Front 3

Respondent or Classical Conditioning

Back 3

- learning happens due to neutral/conditioned stimulus paired with unconditioned/involuntary stimulus so that conditioned stimulus eventually elicits the response normally elicited by unconditioned stimulus
- ie. Pavlov rang bell before feeding dog, which made it drool. Bell became stimulus for drool, even without getting food.

Front 4

Operant Conditioning

Back 4

Antecedent events/stimuli --> Response/Behavior --> Consequence

- reinforcing consequences increase behavior frequency
- punishing consequences decrease behavior

Front 5

Positive reinforcement

Back 5

- rewarding positive behavior to increase it

Front 6

negative reinforcement

Back 6

- a behavior increases when removing a negative outcome
ie. leaving early (behavior) to avoid traffic (removing negative outcome)

Front 7

positive punishment

Back 7

- presenting an unwanted stimulus after a behavior to decrease that behavior
ie. hitting child

Front 8

negative punishment

Back 8

- removing a wanted stimulus after a behavior to eliminate that behavior
ie. taking away dessert from child

Front 9

aversion therapy

Back 9

reducing the appeal of a behavior by repeatedly pairing it with an aversive stimulus
ie. treating alcohol with Antabuse

Front 10

biofeedback

Back 10

- behavior training program that teaches how to control functions like heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, etc.
- often used for ADHD and panic/anxiety disorders

Front 11

extinction

Back 11

- withholding a reinforcer that normally comes after a behavior
- behavior that doesn't produce reinforcement will eventually stop

Front 12

flooding

Back 12

- treatment to rid clt of anxiety via prolonged real or imagined exposure to high-intensity feared stimuli

Front 13

in vivo desensitization

Back 13

- moving through anxiety hierarchy from least to most anxiety-producing situation

Front 14

modeling

Back 14

- instruction involving a "model" demonstrating the behavior for clt to adopt

Front 15

RET - rational emotive therapy

Back 15

- cognitive therapy to change clt's irrational beliefs via ARGUMENT, PERSUASION, & RATIONAL REEVALUATION

Front 16

shaping

Back 16

- train new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of desired behavior (little by little)

Front 17

systematic desensitization

Back 17

- anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation-producing response so that eventually the stimulus produces the response
- clt's reaction of fear is overcome by pleasant feelings engendered as the new behavior is reinforced by getting a reward

Front 18

time out

Back 18

removing something wanted (a negative punishment technique)

Front 19

token economy

Back 19

- clt gets tokens as reinforcement for doing certain behaviors
- tokens can be exchanged for goods, services