Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
160 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
When is schizophrenia diagnosed? |
Late adolescence or early adulthood 15 to 25 years of age for men and 25 to 35 years of age for women |
|
|
|
The prevalence of schizophrenia |
1% of the total population |
|
|
|
Types of schizophrenia |
Paranoid disorganized catatonic undifferentiated and residual |
|
|
|
Characteristics of paranoid schizophrenia |
Grandiose or paranoid delusions Excessive religiosity Hostile and aggressive behavior |
|
|
|
Characteristics of disorganized schizophrenia |
Flat affect Incoherence Disorganized speech Loose associations Disorganized movements |
|
|
|
Characteristics of catatonic schizophrenia |
Psychomotor disturbances, either motionlessness (catalepsy/stupor) or excessive motor activity that is purposeless and not related to external stimuli. Also, negativism, mutism, disorganized voluntary movement, echolalia and echpraxia |
|
|
|
Characteristics of undifferentiated schizophrenia |
No specific symptoms, but a mix of all other types. Includes disturbances of thought, affect and behavior |
|
|
|
Characteristics of residual schizophrenia |
At least one (not current) episode No positive symptoms Negative symptoms include flat affect, loose associations and social withdrawl |
|
|
|
Ambivalence |
Holding seemingly contradictory ideas about the same idea, event or person |
|
|
|
Associative looseness |
Fragmented thoughts and ideas |
|
|
|
Delusions |
Fixed false beliefs with no basis in reality |
|
|
|
Echopraxia |
Imitation of the client of the movements and gestures of another person whom the client is observing |
|
|
|
Flight of ideas |
Continuous flow of verbalization and rapidly jumping from one idea to another |
|
|
|
Hallucinations |
False sensory perceptions or perceptional experiences with no basis in reality |
|
|
|
Ideas of reference |
False impression that external events have special meanings for the person |
|
|
|
Perseveration |
Persistent adherence to a single thought/ idea, or repetition of a single word, sentence or phrase Refusal to change the topic |
|
|
|
Alogia |
Tendency to speak very little/ poverty of content |
|
|
|
Anhedonia |
Feeling no joy or pleasure from life, activities, or relationships |
|
|
|
Apathy |
Feelings of indifference |
|
|
|
Blunted affect |
Restricted range of emotional expression |
|
|
|
Catatonia |
Psychologically induced immobility (pt seems as if they're in a trance) occasionally marked by periods of agitation or excitement |
|
|
|
Flat affect |
Absence of facial expressions that would indicate emotions |
|
|
|
Lack of volition |
Lack of ambition, will or drive to take action |
|
|
|
What do antipsychotic meds do to schizophrenia pts? |
They help manage their disease not cure it. |
|
|
|
Old ways to treat schizophrenia |
ECT, Insulin shock therapy, Psychosurgery |
|
|
|
Name 4 antipsychotics |
Haldol (haloperidol), Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Prolixin (fluphenazine), Clozapine |
|
|
|
Another name for antipsychotics meds |
Neuroleptics |
|
|
|
Hebephrenic schizophrenia is |
disorganized schizophrenia |
|
|
|
Types of neuroleptics |
Dopamine antagonists (old, conventional) Serotonin and dopamine antagonists (new, atypical) |
|
|
|
A side effect of Clozapine |
agranulocytosis |
|
|
|
Phases of schizophrenia |
Acute (psychotic) Long-term (chronic) |
|
|
|
Earlier age of onset in schizophrenia is associated with |
poorer outcomes |
|
|
|
____% of all pts with schizophrenia commit suicide |
10% |
|
|
|
Why do we take a pt's history |
to establish baseline data |
|
|
|
Psychomotor retardation |
slowed movements |
|
|
|
Fetal position |
curled into a ball |
|
|
|
Waxy flexibility |
maintains any position they are placed in, no matter how awkward or uncomfortable |
|
|
|
Word salad |
Jumbled, disconnected words and phrases |
|
|
|
How can thought content be assessed? |
By evaluation of what the client says |
|
|
|
Thought insertion |
The belief that others are inserting thoughts into their hesds |
|
|
|
Thought blocking |
Stopping in the middle of a sentence an continuing a few seconds to one minute later |
|
|
|
Thought withdrawal |
The belief that others are taking their thoughts |
|
|
|
Thought broadcasting |
The belief that others are hearing their thoughts |
|
|
|
Tangental thinking |
always veering off topic and never answering the original question |
|
|
|
Types of delusions |
Persecutory Grandiose Religious Somatic Referential |
|
|
|
The most common type of hallucination |
auditory |
|
|
|
Types of hallucinations |
Auditory Gustatory |
|
|
|
A type of hallucination in pts with alcohol withdrawal |
Tactile |
|
|
|
Why must we analyze assessment data? |
to determine priorities and establish an effective plan of care |
|
|
|
The analysis of assessment data in schizophrenia generally falls into two main categories |
Data associated with positive symptoms Data associated with negative symptoms |
|
|
|
Diagnoses commonly established based on assessment of positive symptoms |
Risk for other-directed violence Risk for suicide Impaired speech Disturbed thought-processes Disturbed sensory perception Disturbed personal identity |
|
|
|
Diagnoses commonly established based on assessment of negative symptoms |
Impaired heath maintenance Deficient diversional activity Ineffective therapeutic regimen management Self-care deficits Social isolation |
|
|
|
Intervening when client experiences hallucinations |
focus on what is real |
|
|
|
Another name for mood disorders |
affective disorders |
|
|
|
Alterations in emotions that are manifested by depression, mania or both |
Mood/ Affective disorders |
|
|
|
Categories of mood disorders |
Major depressive disorder Bipolar disorder Psychotic depression Mania |
|
|
|
How long does a major depressive episode last? |
every day for at least two weeks |
|
|
|
Bipolar disorder |
mood cycles between extremes of mania and depression |
|
|
|
Depression w/ delusions and hallucinations |
psychotic depression |
|
|
|
Mania |
A distinct period, may last a week, in which mood is abnormally and persistantly elevated, expansive or irritable |
|
|
|
Symptoms accompanying mania |
1)grandiosity 2) decreased need for sleep 3) Pressured speech 4) Fight of ideas 5) Distractability 6) increased goal-directed activities 7) increased involvement in pleasure-seeking activities |
|
|
|
Pressured speech |
unrelenting, loud and rapid speech |
|
|
|
How long does hypomania last |
3-4 days no impaired function no psychotic symptoms |
|
|
|
Postpartum (maternity) blues onset |
1 day after delivery, peak at day 3-7 |
|
|
|
Postpartum depression onset |
within 4 weeks of delivery |
|
|
|
Postpartum psychosis onset |
within 3 weeks of delivery |
|
|
|
Effective treatment of mood disorders must address both____ and ____ components |
biological and psychosocial |
|
|
|
Risk of developing bipolar disorder |
1% |
|
|
|
Risk of developing bipolar disorder in 1st degree relatives |
3-8% |
|
|
|
Growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol levels are abnormal in__ |
depression |
|
|
|
Serotonin precursor |
tryptophan |
|
|
|
Norepinephrine levels are deficit in ___ and increased in ___ |
depression mania |
|
|
|
Cholinergic drugs alter |
Mood Sleep Neuroendocrine function Electroencephalographic patterns |
|
|
|
Major depression is twice as common in___ |
women |
|
|
|
Incidence of depression ____with age for women, and _____with age for men |
decreases increases |
|
|
|
Are depressed patients delusional? |
possibly so |
|
|
|
What's the newest category for antidepressants |
SSRIs |
|
|
|
types of antidepressants |
cyclic atypical monoamine oxidase inhibitors selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
|
|
|
ECT given to 4 classes of people |
1) pregnant women 2) people who don't respond to antidepressants 3)people with intolerable side effects to antidepressants 4) actively suicidal people |
|
|
|
How long does it take for the full effects of antidepressant meds to kick in? |
weeks |
|
|
|
How long does it take for ECT to work? |
6-15 treatments 3 times a week maximum benefit at 12-15 |
|
|
|
How do you prepare a pt for ECT? |
the same as any outpatient surgical procedure NPO, remove nail polish |
|
|
|
Why do we give ECT pts anesthetic? |
we don't want them awake during the procedure |
|
|
|
Why do we give ECT patients succinylcholine? |
to act as a muscle relaxant to reduce the outward signs of a seizure |
|
|
|
How do we place electrodes on an ECT pts head? |
Unilaterally or bilaterally |
|
|
|
Therapeutic communication |
The ongoing process of communication through which meaning emerges |
|
|
|
Empathetic linkages |
The direct communication of feelings |
|
|
|
Principles of theraputic communication |
Just look at the photo |
|
|
|
Self disclosure |
Telling the pt personal info (generally not a good idea) |
|
|
|
Which commuicates more: verbal or nonverbal communication? And which should we believe? |
Nonverbal |
|
|
|
What type of pt can't maintain eye contact? |
A pt with low self-esteem |
|
|
|
Techniques that inhibit communication |
Reassurance Advice Disapproval Agreement Challenges |
RADAC |
|
|
Objectivity |
Free from prejudice and bias, based on facts |
|
|
|
Subjectivity |
Emphasis on one's feelings, attitudes and opinions |
|
|
|
Stages of a nurse-pt relationship |
Preorientation Orientation Working Termination |
|
|
|
When does the preorientation phase begin? |
Before meeting the client |
|
|
|
When does the working phase begin? |
When pt takes responsibility for their own behavior |
|
|
|
When does the termination phase begin? |
In the orientation phase |
|
|
|
When does termination occur? |
When client has improved or has been discharged |
|
|
|
Abreaction |
Remembering with feeling |
|
|
|
Adjustment disorder |
A maladaptive reaction to an identifiable psychosocial stressor that occurs within 3 months after onset of the stressor |
|
|
|
Affect |
Behavioral expression of emotion |
|
|
|
Akinesia |
Muscular weakness -loss or parital loss of muscle movement- an extrapyrimidal side effect to some antipsychotic meds |
|
|
|
Amnesia |
Memory loss |
|
|
|
Anorexia |
Loss of appetite |
|
|
|
Anorgasmia |
Inability to achieve orgasm |
|
|
|
Ataxia |
Muscular incoordination |
|
|
|
Attitude |
A frame of reference around which a person organizes their knowledge about the world |
|
|
|
Autism |
Focus inward on a fantasy world, common in schizophrenia |
|
|
|
Autistic disorder |
The withdrawl of a child into a fantasy world |
|
|
|
Catatonia |
A type of schizophrenia characterized by stupor (psychomotor disturbances) or excitement (psychomotor agitation) |
|
|
|
Cognition |
Mental operations |
|
|
|
Cognitive therapy |
A type of therapy where an individual is taught to control thought disturbances |
|
|
|
Cyclothymia |
A chronic mood disorder involving numerous episodes of hypomania and depression, of insufficient severitt or duration to meet bipolar criteria |
|
|
|
Delirium |
A state of mental confusion and excitement |
|
|
|
Denial |
Refusal to acknowledge the existence of a real situation |
|
|
|
Depersonalization |
An alteration in the perception of one's self |
|
|
|
Derealization |
An alteration in the perception of one's environment |
|
|
|
Dysthymia |
A depressive neurosis without loss of contact with reality |
|
|
|
Dystonia |
Involuntary muscular movement (spasms) |
|
|
|
Ego |
The rational self/ reality principle according to Freud |
|
|
|
EPS |
Extrapyrimidal symptoms, that occur outside the pyrimidal tracts in the brain, occur as side effects to antipsychotic meds |
|
|
|
Greif |
The subjective, predictable responses to loss/ mourning |
|
|
|
Id |
The pleasure principle |
|
|
|
Illusion |
Misinterpretation of a real external stimulus |
|
|
|
Incest |
Sexual exploitation of a child under 18 by a family member |
|
|
|
Kleptomania |
The inability to resist impulses to steal -without need- |
|
|
|
Melancholia |
A severe form of major depressive disorder |
|
|
|
Milieu therapy |
Therapeutic community/ environment |
|
|
|
Modeling |
Learning new behaviors by imitating the behaviors of others |
|
|
|
Mood |
Sustained emotional tone |
|
|
|
Mourning |
The psychological process (stages) through which an individual passes on his way to successful adaptation to loss |
|
|
|
Narcissistic personality disorder |
A disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-worth |
|
|
|
Neologism |
New words invented by the pt that are meaningless to others but symbolic to the psychotic patient |
|
|
|
Obsessive compulsive disorder |
Recurrent thoughts and obsessions |
|
|
|
Panic disorder |
Recurrent panic attacks |
|
|
|
Paranoia |
Extreme suspiciousness |
|
|
|
Phobia |
An irrational fear |
|
|
|
Social phobia |
Fear of being humiliated in social situations |
|
|
|
Projection |
Attribution to another person feelings unacceptable to one's self |
|
|
|
Psychotic disorder |
Gross disorganization on the personality Disturbance in reality testing Impairment of interpersonal functioning |
|
|
|
Rape |
The expression of dominance by sexual violence |
|
|
|
Dementia |
A global progressive impairment of cognitive functioning |
|
|
|
Rapport |
The development between two people in a relationship of special feelings based on mutual acceptance |
|
|
|
Rationalization |
Ateempting to excuse and find logical explanations to justify unacceptable behavior |
|
|
|
Reaction formation |
Preventing unacceptable ideas and behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite behaviors or thoughts |
|
|
|
Regression |
A retreat to a previous developmental stage |
|
|
|
Reminiscence therapy |
A process of life review by elderly individuals that promotes self esteem |
|
|
|
Repression |
Involuntary blocking of unpleasant experiences from one's awareness |
|
|
|
Ritualistic behavior |
Purposeless activities performed repeatedly to reduce anxiety |
|
|
|
Self esteem |
The amount of respect people have for themselves |
|
|
|
Shaping |
Shaping the behavior of another by providing reinforcements |
|
|
|
Stereotyping |
Classifying all individuals from the same culture or ethnic group as identical |
|
|
|
Sublimation |
Rechannelingb of unacceptable drives into acceptable, constructive ones |
|
|
|
Superego |
Conscience |
|
|
|
Suppression |
Voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness |
|
|
|
Sympathy |
Actual sharing another's thoughts, ideas and feelings |
|
|
|
Systematic desensitization |
Imagine various components of the phobic stimulus on a graded hierarchy |
|
|
|
Tardive dyskinesia |
A syndroms w/ Bizzare facial and tounge movements Stiff neck Difficulty swallowing |
|
|
|
Abnormal behavior is behavior characterized as |
Socially unacceptable, Distressing to the person who exhibits it or to the person's friends and family, Maladaptive The result of distorted cognitions |
|
