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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Turner's syndrome?
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XO: female gender identity, gonadal dysgenesis
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What is Kleinefelter's syndrome?
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XXY: male gender identity, weak sex desire, breast development
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What happens with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
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genetic female, masculine features, male gender identity if raised male, many attracted to females
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What happens with androgen insensitivity?
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genetic male, female gonads, female gender identity
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What happens with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency?
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genetic males, female phenotype until puberty when male features develop
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What is gender identity and when does it develop?
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internal sense of maleness/femaleness that develops by age 3
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What are the two types of male-to-female gender transitions?
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androphilic - attracted to men
autogynephilic - fantasies of self as female |
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What is sexual preference and when does it develop?
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A person's pattern of sexual arousal, including gender and other aspects of attraction; usually develops before puberty
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What is a paraphilia (DSM definition)?
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recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behavior that causes significant distress
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What are the 4 major types of sexual dysfunctions?
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Sexual desire disorders
Sexual arousal disorders Orgasm phase disorders Sexual pain disorders |
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What is dyspareunia?
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Pain during intercourse
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What is vaginisums?
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Conditioned response of pelvic floor muscle that prevents penetration or makes it very difficult
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What are the major types of coping mechanisms in response to stress?
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Appraisal focused - adapting cognitions (e.g. humor, denial, altering goals)
Problem focused - adapting behavior (e.g. info seeking, skills training) Emotion focused (e.g. religion, seeking social support, accepting responsibilities) |
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What is allostasis?
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Process of adaptation to acute stress involving output of hormones
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What are the 2 major stress hormones and what are their functions?
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Glucocorticoids: replenish body after periods of intense activity
Catecholamines: triggers fight-or-flight action |
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What is allostatic load?
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price the body pays for accumulation of allostatic processes over time
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Describe the repeated hits pathway for allostatic load
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turns on stress response too frequently, leads to early aging, elevated levels of stress hormones, immune deficits, sensitization
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Describe the lack of adaptation pathway for allostatic load
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body fails to manage stress response, overexposure to stress with small challenges
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Describe the prolonged response pathway for allostatic load
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failure to turn off stress response, leading to hypertension and sleep deprivation
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Describe the inadequate response pathway for allostatic load
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response does not match needs of individual, leading to weak healing, immune system (can be due to pre-existing conditions)
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Describe the indirect pathway for allostatic load
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risky behavior may lead to more stress
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What are the major mediators of an individual's stress level?
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Personality
Social support (emotional, informational, instrumental) Coping |
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What is the difference between hospice and palliative care?
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Hospice is about caring, not curing; palliative care is broader and extends to earlier in disease process
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What happens in palliative care as the patient becomes more dependent?
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care expands from the patient to include his or her family/support network; different diseases lead to more or less dependency before death
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What are the stages of grief, and are they well-defined or overlapping in reality?
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Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
They are overlapping with acceptance growing steadily over time |
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What are major reasons for physician-assisted suicide?
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Fear of loss of control of circumstances of death, fear of loss of independence, fear of mental decline
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