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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How would you describe an infant's critical period?
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A period of time during which synapse are lost and/or maintained based on the experiences of the infant (recall orphaned children with issues)
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How would you characterize an easy child?
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adaptable, predictable, mood mainly positive (~40% of children)
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How would you characterize a slow-to-warm-up child?
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slow adaptability, mild expression, if pushed, will eventually adapt (~15%)
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How would you characterize a difficult child?
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unpredictable, low adaptability, intense mood reactions (~15%)
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Explain the concept of goodness of fit?
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environment is in agreement with child's temperament and personality
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Types of attachment (occurs around 7-8 mos.)
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Securely attached
Insecure-avoidant Insecure-anxious-ambivalent |
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Around what age do separation anxiety and stranger anxiety appear?
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Around 7-8 mos. for stranger anxiety and 12-18 mos. for separation anxiety (coincidences with development of object permanence)
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What are the consequences of insecure attachment
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poor attachment leads to increased likelihood of poor behavior and social competence later in life
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Describe the sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory?
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birth - 2 y/o; develop object permanence, schemas; assimilation (taking and integrating new info) and accommodation (modifying schemas) observed
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Describe the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory?
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2-7 y/o; child can think symbolically, egocentrism initially, then child see others' perspectives, little concept of length of time
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Describe the concrete operational stage in Piaget's theory?
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7-11: child achieves concept of conservation and take more than one variable into account
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Describe the formal operational stage in Piaget's theory?
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>12; abstract thinking
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What are the three main parenting styles?
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Authoritative- high level of warmth and discipline, effective
Authoritarian- low warmth, high discipline, dep, less friendly Permissive- high warmth, high discipline, worst in social responsibility |
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What is the difference between a tantrum and aggression?
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Aggressive acts are intentional and directed at others
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What gender differences exist with regards to the development of aggression
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Boys' aggressive behavior is more physical, verbal and appears as soon as children play together
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What are some key developments in the adolescent brain?
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Myelination of inhibitory tracts
Reorganization of neural circuits through arborization and cell death Authority is transferred from emotional systems to cognitive systems |
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What is the reality about how most adolescents progress through the "storm and stress" of adolescence?
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80% go through adolescence without significant distress; disagreements over rules and not core values
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How does suicide rank in terms of causes of death of adolescents?
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3rd leading cause of death
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What percentage of adolescents report suicidal ideation? What is the one-year incidence of attempts in high-schoolers?
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25% of adolescents report suicidal ideation
9%: one-year incidence of suicide attempts in high-schoolers |
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How does homicide rank in terms of causes of death in 15-24 year-olds? What percentage of teens have been a victim of violence?
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2nd leading cause of death
24% of teens have been a victim of violence |
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What is the overall trend in illicit drug use among adolescents?
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It has been going down (although painkillers have kind of been going up)
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What is the most commonly used substance during adolescence?
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Alcohol (accounts for 25-50% of accidents, suicides, homicides)
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Describe adult cognitive development
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growth and stability of crystallized intelligence
notion of synthetic operational stage |
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Why might old age bring a return to concrete forms of thinking?
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Maintenance of tradition important for stability of the group and to hedge against the risk of innovation
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What are Erikson's Stages of Man that apply to adulthood/maturation into adulthood?
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Identity - adolescence
Intimacy - young adulthood Generativity - middle age (bringing along the next generation) Integrity - old age (conviction that you have been true to yourself) |
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What are the tasks of the young adult?
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Managing "love and work," revision of life structure, identify if necessary
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What are the tasks of middle age?
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Taking stock, thinking about what you have left in life, becoming a parent to one's aging parents
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What are the tasks of the old-aged?
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Shedding working role
Grandparenthood |
