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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a neuroanatomical state network?
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group of neurons that spread their fibers out diffusely throughout the cortex; "tunes the brain"
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What is a neuroanatomical channel network?
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network of interconnected cortical areas; dedicated to processing specific types of information
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What did we learn from the patient Tan?
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Damage to Broca's area = Broca's aphasia (non-fluent, agrammatic speech)
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What did we learn from the patient HM?
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Explicit and implicit memory; implicit memory not dependent on hippocampus
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What did we learn from Phineas Gage?
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frontal cortex tied to affect, personality, judgement, and decision-making
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What is psychodynamic theory?
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Looking at motivation of behavior by unconscious forces
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Defense mechanisms: repression
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forcing thoughts, memories into unconscious - they are forgotten
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Defense mechanisms: denial
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disbelieving reality to avoid negative emotion
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Defense mechanisms: projection
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feelings, thoughts unacceptable to the self are attributed to others
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Defense mechanisms: splitting
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view others as "all good" or "all bad"
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Defense mechanisms: reaction formation
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converting unacceptable emotions into their opposite
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Defense mechanisms: conversion
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converting psychological conflict into physical symptoms
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Defense mechanisms: dissociation
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drastic modification of personal identity (temporary)
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Defense mechanisms: displacement
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feelings redirected from source to acceptable replacement
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Defense mechanisms: intellectualization
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overthinking things to avoid feelings
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Defense mechanisms: isolation of affect
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separating an idea form the feelings that accompany it
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Explain concept of transference in doctor-patient relationship
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patient transfers feelings towards previous authority figure (e.g. father) towards physician; can be positive or negative
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Explain concept of countertransference in doctor-patient relationship
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Feelings that the doctor brings into the relationship from previous experience
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classical vs. operant conditioning
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classical conditioning: pairing of environmental events/stimuli
operant conditioning: learning occurs as effect of individual's responses |
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define:
unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response |
unconditioned stimulus: stimulus that does not normally elicit response
unconditioned response: normal response to specific stimulus (e.g. salivation) After pairing occurs, neutral stimulus is now conditioned stimulus, response is now conditioned response |
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Terminology in operant conditioning:
reinforcement, punishment, extinction |
Reinforcement: increases behavior (can be positive or negative)
Punishment: decreases behavior Extinction: absence of result following a stimulus, which eventually leads to no response with stimulus |
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Characteristics of reinforcement schedules in operant conditioning: fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval
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fixed ratio: rapid learning, rapid extinction
variable ratio: slower learning, greatest resistance to extinction fixed interval: slower learning, behavior is "clock dep" variable interval: slower learning, resistant to extinction |
