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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of intelligence?
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1) fluid
2) crystallized |
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What is fluid intelligence?
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-ability to problem solve and reason
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What does fluid intelligence represent?
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-internal neurologic processes
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Is fluid intelligence related to experience?
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no
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What is crystallized intelligence?
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intelligence from experience, education
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What intelligence is highest in young adult years?
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fluid intelligence
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What intelligence grows steadily over the years?
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crystallized intelligence
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What defense mechanism is this- avoiding unacceptable emotions by attention-getting behavior, often socially inappropriate?
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acting out
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A depressed 14 year odl girl with no history of a conduct disorder has sexual encounters with multiple parents after her parents divorce- what defense mechanism is this?
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acting out
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What defense mechanism is - assisting others to avoid negative personal feelings?
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altruism
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What defense mechanism is this - not accepting aspects of reality that person finds unbearable?
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denial
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What defense mechanism is a man with poor self image who is a social worker during the week and donates every other wekeend to charity work?
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altruism
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What defense mechanism is it when a person moves emotions from a personally intolerable situation to one that is personally tolerable?
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displacement
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What defense mechanism where an alcoholic insists that he is a social drinker?
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denial
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What defense mechanism is it when you mentally seperate one's consciousness from real life events or mentally distance oneself from others?
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dissociation
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What defense mechanism is it when a teenager has no memory of a car accident in which he was driving when his girlfriend was killed?
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dissociation
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What is a defense mechanism where one expresses personally uncomfortable feelings without causing emotional discomfort?
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humor
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What is the defense mechanism where someone who is concerned about erectile problems makes jokes about Viagra?
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humor
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What is the defense mechanism where someone unconsciously patterns one behavior after another that is more powerful?
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identification/introjection
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What is the defense mechanism where a man who was terrorized by his gym teacher as a child becomes a punitive, critical gym teacher?
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identification/introjection
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What defense mechanism is it when you use the minds higher function to avoid experiencing emotion?
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intellectualization
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What defense mechanism is it when a sailor whose boat is about to sink calmly explains the technical aspect of hull damage in great detail to other crew members?
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intellectualization
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What defense mechanism is it when you fail to experience the feelings associated with a stressful life event although you logically understand the significance of the event?
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isolation of affect
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What is the defense mechanism when without showing emotion a women tells her family the results that indicate her lung cancer has metastized
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isolation of affect
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What defense mechanism is it when you attribute one's personality unacceptable feelings to others especially when associated with paranoid symptoms and prejudice?
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projection
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What defense mechanism is a man with unconscious homosexual impulses using when he begins to believe that his boss is homosexual?
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projection
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What is the defense mechanism where one distorts their perception of an event so its negative outcome seems reasonable?
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rationalization
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What defense mechanism is a man who loses an arm in an accident and says the loss of his arm was good because it kept him from getting in trouble with the law using?
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rationalization
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What defense mechanism is a man who is adopting opposite attitudes to avoid personally unacceptable emotions using?
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Reaction formation
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What defense mechanism is a women who is unconsciously resentful of responsibilities of childrearing using when she over-spends on expensive gifts and clothing for her children?
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reaction formation
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What defense mechanism is one using when they revert to behavior patterns like those seen in someone of a younger age?
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regression
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What defense mechanism is a 5 year old child who was previously toliet trained using when he begins to wet his bed when his mother has a new baby?
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regression
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What defense mechanism is it when someone categorizes people into either dreadful or fabulous categories because of an intolerance of ambiguity?
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splitting
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What defense mechanism is a patient using when they tell the doctor that while all the doctors in the group practice are wonderful, all the nurses are unfriendly and curt?
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splitting
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What defense mechanism is a patient using when they express a personal unaceptable feeling in a socially useful way?
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sublimation
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What defense mechanism is a man who got into fights as a teenager using when he becomes a professional prize fighter?
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sublimation
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What defense mechanism is used when one deliberately pushes out personally unacceptable emotions out of conscious awareness?
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supression
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What is the only defense mechanism that includes some aspect of consciousness
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supression
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What defense mechanism is the medical student taking a review course for the USLME using when she mentally changes the subject when her mind wanders to the exam during a lecture?
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supression
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What defense mechanism is one using when they believe that they can reverse past events caused by incorrect behavior by adopting correct behavior?
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undoing
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What defense mechanism is a woman who is terminally ill with AIDS caused by drug abuse doing when she stops using drugs and starts an exercise and healthy diet?
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undoing
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Who laid out Frued's defense mechanisms according to immature to mature coping style?
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Valliant
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How many levels of defense mechanisms are there?
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5
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What 2 defense mechanisms are on level I?
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1) denial
2) delusional projections like persecution |
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What 3 defense mechanisms are associated with level II coping?
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1) fantasy
2)projection towards others 3)hypochondriasis |
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What 6 defense mechanisms are associated with level III coping?
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1)intellectualization
2) rationalization 3) repression 4) reaction formation 5) displacement 6) dissociation |
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What 3 defense mechanisms are associated with level iv coping?
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1) sublimation
2) supression 3) altruism |
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What is the only defense mechanism that is level v coping?
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humor
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What is the breakdown of stages in terms of age, which scholars are similar and which are different?
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Erickson and Frued are the same
Piaget is different |
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What is the breakdown in the ages for Frued and Erickson?
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0-1
1-3 3-5 6-11 11-20 |
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What is the breakdown for Piaget?
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0-2
2-7 7-11 11-20 |
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WWhat is the age then for oral/trust-mistrust?
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0-1
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What is the age for sensorimotor?
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0-2
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What is the age for anal/autonomy-doubt?
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1-3
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What is the age for preoperational?
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2-7
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What is the age for phallic/oedipal/initiative-guilt?
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3-5
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What is the age for latency/industry vs inferiority?
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6-11
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What is the age for concrete operations?
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7-11
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What is the age for genital/puberty/formal operations?
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11-20
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What stage do all the theorists have in common?
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adolescence
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What reflexes disappear around 3 months?
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1) rooting
2) grasping 3) crawling |
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What reflex disappears around 2 months?
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stepping
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What reflex disappears around 8 months?
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babinski
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What reflex disappears around 6 months?
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moro
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At what age is a baby able to begin voluntarily crawling?
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6 to 7 months
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At what age can mothers identify emotions from their baby?
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1 month
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How does fine motor skills develop in the first year of life?
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each month they gradually get further to grasping until 6 months
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When do baby's learn object permanence?
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8 months
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When do most babies complete a social smile?
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2-4 months
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When can a baby express anger?
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4 monthsq
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When does stranger anxiety start and separation anxiety start?
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7-9 months
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When does seperation anxiety stop?
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18 months
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When does cooing start?
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2-4 months
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When does babbling start?
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9 months
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What are easy babies?
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-play ful
-regular in biological functions -easy to adapt |
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What are difficult babies?
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-irregular in biological functions
-difficult to adapt -may be more likely to be abused |
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What are slow to warm up babies?
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-require some time to adapt to change but not as difficult as difficult babies
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is temperament heritable?
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yes
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when can the toddler walk unassisted?
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12 months
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what is reactive attachment disorder
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eactive attachment disorder is a rare but serious condition in which infants and young children don't establish healthy bonds with parents or caregivers.
A child with reactive attachment disorder is typically neglected, abused, or moved multiple times from one caregiver to another. Because the child's basic needs for comfort, affection and nurturing aren't met, he or she never establishes loving and caring attachments with others. This may permanently alter the child's growing brain and hurt their ability to establish future relationships. |
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When does good control of the bladder and bowels occur?
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by 15 months
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When can a toddler stay dry all day?
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24 months
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What is representational thought?
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child can play or pretend which is a milestone of preoperational
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When is the core gender identity formed?
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18 months
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What is the corpus collosum for?
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balance
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What are the characteristics of the pre-operational stage?
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-imitation
-egocentricity -precausal - |
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What type of family has significant temporary stressors and requires temporary help?
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vulnerable to crisis families
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What type of family makes up 25% of the maltreating families?
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vulnerable to crisis family
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What type of family makes up 50% of the maltreating family?
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restorable families
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What type of family has multiple long term family problems that require caseworker involvement to coordinate social services?
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restorable family
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What type of family can only meet children's needs through extensive social services?
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supportable families
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What is often the barrier for helping supportable families?
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services are often not available or too expensive
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What kind of family has parents that are severely impaired by cognitive or emotional problems?
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inadequate family
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What kind of support is given to inadequate families?
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foster care
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What 5 concepts did Valliant have for young adulthood?
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-"dream" of how they want life
-exploration and making changeable commitments to marriage/career -"mentor" -"special person" for romantic relationship -career consolidation |
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What is the family cycle?
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1) establishment phase
2) new parents phase 3) child rearing phase 4) post parental phase |
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What parts of the family cycle occur in the young adult phase?
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1) establishment
2) new parents 3) child rearing phase |
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What occurs in the etablishment phase?
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marriage and settling into the relationship
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what are the key ingredients for couples to make it? 4
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1) dedication a relationship as it changes
2) communication of all feelings 3) dropping of roles from others and focusing on the couple's needs 4) maintenance of separateness while still functioning as a dyad |
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What is the new parents phase?
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pregnancy to birth of first child
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What is the key thing that happens in the new parents phase?
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shift from husband and wife to mother and father
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What happens during the child rearing phase?
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-raising the child
-financial resources -maintaining relationship -reliving their own developmental process |
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What were the three evolutionary parts of the brain?
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1) archicortex
2) paleomammalian cortex 3) neomammalian cortex |
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What part of the brain was for body functions, simple learning and stereotyped behaviors?
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archicortex
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Which part of the brain was involved in emotional and fine motor control and temperature control?
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paleomammalian
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Which part of the brain was responsible for flexible intelligence, complex thought, etc?
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neomammalian cortex
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Which part of the brain was associated with the cerebral cortex and thalmus?
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neomammalian cortex
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Which part of the brain was associated with the cerebellum, limbic system and temperature regulation areas?
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paleomammalian cortex
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Which part of the brain was associated with brainstem function?
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archicortex
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When is the most intense growth and organization of synapses?
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7th month in utero to 2 years
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What is the sequence of sensory and motor development
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3 months = motor cortex- upper arm/trunk
3mo-1yr = motor cortex legs and hands sensory development lags |
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When does the association areas develop?
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6 months to 2 years
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In terms of sensory and motor development what occurs during the first three months?
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motor cortex development in head, upper trunk and arms
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In terms of sensory and motor development what is occuring in from 3 months to 1 year?
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Motor cortex development in legs and hands
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In terms of voluntary control of bladder when does that occur?
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18 mo to 3 years
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When a child sustains brain injury before 5 years what usually happens?
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recover full function
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What kind of stimulation is best for a child?
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moderate not over or under stimulation
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What kind of area is brocas and Wernicke's areas?
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association
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Where is Broca's area loacted?
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left frontal lobe adjacent to part of the motor cortex of speech
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What happens if damage in Brocas area?
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slow labored speech
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Where is Wernicke's area located?
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left temporal lobe between Hsch's gyrus and angular gyrus (between visual and auditory regions)
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What happens if Wernicke's area is messed up?
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fluent speech with minimal content and poor comprehension
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What is the arcuate fasciculus?
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are that connects Brocas and Wernickes area
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What happens if the arcuate fasiculus is damaged?
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speech is fluent but abnormal
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What part of the brain is responsible for pattern recognition?
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parietal lobe
thalmus midbrain |
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What part of the brain is necessary for visual word forms?
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occipital lobe
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What part of the brain is better for images and arranging shapes?
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left hemisphere
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Where are semantic language tasks processed?
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left anterior frontal lobe
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Where are auditory words processed?
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left temproparietal cortex
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Where are auditory memory and attention formed?
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left supramarginal and agular gyri
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What part of memory develops from the archicortex?
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autonomic processes
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What kind of memory develops from the paleomammalian cortex?
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procedural patterning
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What kind of memory develops from the neomammalian cortex?
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complex memory functions, association, language
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What is an infants memory at 1 month?
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24 hours
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What is an infants memory at 6 months?
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a few minutes to several weeks
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Where is long term memory based?
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hippocampus
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Where is working memory based?
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basal banglia and frontal lobesq
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Where is declarative memory based?
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hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
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What is logn term memory?
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rentention of informatino over long periods of time
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What is working memory?
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stores info for 30 seconds and allows maniulation of immediately available ifnormation
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how do you get memory from working to long term?
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long term potentiation
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What is declarative memory?
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-semantic memory
-episodic memory |
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What is non declarative/procedural memory?
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skill learning
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What is executive function?
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cognitive processes that suport organization
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What is semantic memory?
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memory for facts
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What is episodic memory?
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memory for times and places
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What are neurofibrillary tangles?
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decayed portions of dendrites
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What are senile plaques?
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clusters of damaged neurons
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What are physical changes that occur in brain?
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-lower blood flow
-decrease in dopamine receptor and increase MAO to braek down dopamine -volume decreases -plaques and tangles |
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What memory decline the most?
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-episodic
-flashbulb |
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What memories decline the least?
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-semantic
-procedural |
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What factors are protective of memory with aging?
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-education
-exercise -no hypertension -balanced stress -sleep |
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What factors were related to emtional health at 65 according to Valliant?
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-being close to ones siblings in college
-traumatic experiences had no effect -depression from 21-50 -pragmatic and dependable personalities -being female |
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What are the 5 stages of death?
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1) denial
2) anger 3) bargaining 4) depression 5) acceptance |
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What two types of denial are there?
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good and bad
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What part of death is usually most personal?
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bargaining
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What is preparatory depression?
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prepaerd grief needed to give up and die with acceptance
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What are the different types of attitudes towards death acceptance?
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-neutral acceptance
-approach acceptance -escape acceptance -grief and depression |
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What is it called when someone thinks that death is integral to life?
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neutral acceptance
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What is it called when someone thinks that deathis a passage to a better afterlife?
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approach acceptance
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What is it when someone thinks death is an escape from a painful life?
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escape acceptance
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What are the three stages of mourning?
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1) denial and disbelief
2) searching |
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What are the seven basic threats of illness?
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1) threats to narcassistic identiyy
2) reactivation of early guilt/shame 3) fear of loss/aproval 4) seperation anxiety 5) fear of loss of control 6) loss of injury to bodily parts 7) fear of strangers |
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How often is neglect the problem in child maltreatment
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50%
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How often is severe physical injury part of child maltreatment?
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25%
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how many cases of child maltreatment is there?
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1 in 22 kids or 1 million per year
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by end of puberty how much of your height will most be at?
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98%
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When is the peak of joint flexibility?
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20s
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how much of the old age have income below 10,000?
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74%
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How much have incomes above 20,000?
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10%
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How much of older abuse is physical versus neglect?
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50% neglect
20% physical |
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How many cases of elder abuse are reported to authorities?
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1 in 5
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How many elder abuse cases do physicians report?
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2%
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How many divorced fathers do not provide child support?
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40%
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Most people will remarry in how many years?
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5 years
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How many remmaried people will divorce again
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20%
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What percentage of medical students acknowledge depression?
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30%
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How many medical students have severe depression?
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14%
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What is the cure rate for depression?
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85%
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Who is most likely to complete sucide?
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female physicians
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How many medical students use drugs?
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18%
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How many medical school spouses think they need marital cousenling?
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38%
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How many patients will have a personality disorder?
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10-36%
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How many patients will have depression?
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23-63%
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How many patients will have panic disorder?
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35-58%
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