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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does APGAR stand for?
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A - Appearance (color)
P - Pulse (heartbeat) G - Grimace (reflex irritability) A - Activity (muscle Tone) R - Respiration |
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What is postpartum blues
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A state of exaggerated emotionality and tearfulness usually lasts for a few days after birth
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What percentage of new mothers experience mood disorders?
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10% of new mothers within a month after childbirth
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What are the characteristics for brief psychotic disorder with postpartum onset?
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The condition is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, or other psychotic symptoms that occurs in the absence of mood symptoms
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How long does brief psychotic disorder with postpartum onset last?
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It begins in the postpartum month and lasts for up to one month
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How does motor development occur?
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Motor development occurs in a cephalad to caudad and central to peripheral fasion
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What is the pattern of social development?
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It proceeds from self to others
From total self-involvement to interactions with people in the outside world |
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What is the pattern of cognitive/verbal development?
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It progresses from understanding to expressing
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What are the innate traits that consist temperament?
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Activity level
reactivity to stimuli cyclic behavior patterns like sleeping, reactions to people, mood, distractibility, and attention span |
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What are the three different levels of temperament?
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Easy
Difficult Slow to warmup |
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What is the difference between the slow to warmup children and the difficult children?
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The slow to warmup children show the traits of difficult children at first, but adapt and improve over time as their experience with social contact increases
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What characterizes a difficult child?
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They are not adaptable to change,
show irregular eating and sleeping patterns, and tend to have intense expressions of mood |
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What group of children are at high risk for psychological problems?
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Difficult risk
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According to Erik Erikson, what is the consequence if social goals are not achieved by a certain age?
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If the specific goal is not achieved at a specific age, the individual will have difficulty achieving the goal in the future
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How did Jean Piaget describe child development?
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Jean Piaget described development in terms of cognitive or learning capabilities of the child at each age
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Based on Jean Piaget's research what is the cognitive capability of the child based on?
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It is more closely related to neurological maturity than to a child's innate potential to learn
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How did Margaret Mahler describe childhood development?
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She described early development as a sequential process of separation of the child from the mother or primary caregiver
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According to Margaret Mahler, what influences the ability to enjoy a adult trusting and emotionally fulfilling relationships
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She found that the ease that a child negotiates the process of separation - individuation determines this
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How did Sigmund Freud describe child development?
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He describes it in terms of the parts of the body from which the most pleasure is derived at each stage
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When does the normal autistic phase occur?
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In the first postnatal month
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What is the normal autistic phase?
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A state of self involvement and lack of interest in others that occurs in the first postnatal month
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When do children normally respond to other people?
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Between the first and second months of life
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What is the one of the first markers of responsiveness
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The social smile
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When does a child show a special responsiveness to his mother?
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At age 4 to 6 months
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When does stranger anxiety develop?
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After a strong attachment to the mother has been formed
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What is object permanence?
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This develops toward the end of the first year. It is when the child begins to understand that such objects and people continue to exist, even if out of view
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When does separation anxiety develop?
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After the first year, when object permanence develops
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What is hospitalism?
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It was described by Rene Spitz.
A constellation of long term effects that humans suffer with prolonged separation from their primary attachment figure, i.e. severe developmental retardation and poor physical health |
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What type of environment results in reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood?
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Social circumstances like institutionalization or an unstable home environment that have prevented the child from forming a normal reciprocal attachment to a caregiver
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What are the different types of reactive attachment disorder of infancy
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Inhibited type- child is withdrawn and unresponsive
Disinhibited type-The child approaches and cuddles up indiscriminately to strangers |
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When does Babinski's reflex disappear from an infant
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After a year
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When does a child begin the process of separation from primary care giver to individual?
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during the second year of life
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What is Mahler's stage of rapprochment?
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When at about the age of 18 months, the child moves away from but then quickly returns to the mother for reassurance and comfort
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What is parallel play?
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Toddlers play next to other children but not reciprocally with other children
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What age range responds to their name?
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7-11 months
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When should a child walk unassisted?
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12-15 months
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When should a child have their first words?
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12-15 months
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When can encopresis and enuresis be diagnosed?
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Encopresis at age 4
Enuresis at age 5 |
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What age does a child show autonomy?
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At age 3
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When does gender identity develop?
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at age 3
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How does a two year old assert themselves
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By using the negative
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When should a child's speech be understood by a stranger?
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At age 3
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Why should elective surgery be postponed until age 6-7?
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Preschool children have a strong fear of bodily injury
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When does a child develop a sense of morality and a conscience?
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At age 6
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What age does a child understand the finality of death?
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At age 6
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Name the general characteristics of pervasive developmental disorders
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The PDDs are characterized by failure to acquire or by the early loss of reciprocal social interactions and communication skills such as language, despite normal hearing
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What is included in the pervasive developmental disorders?
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Autistic disorder
Asperger's disorder Rett's disorder childhood disintegrative disorder |
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In normal children, when does the brain synapses peak?
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between the ages of 2 to 7 years
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What are the brain characteristics in the autistic child?
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There is an overgrowth of the brain during the first year, this results in larger head circumference and brain volume
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Describe the abnormalities in serotonin in an autistic child.
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It is dysregulated. It is decreased in the early development and increased later on
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What diseases are associated with ASD?
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It is associated with tuberous sclerosis and Fragile X
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Asperger's disorder is a ____ form of ASD
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mild
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Asperger's disorder results in what type of cognitive and language changes?
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Asperger's disorder results in normal cognitive development and little or no developmental language skills
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What is the genetic transmission of Rett's disorder?
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X-linked
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What is the outcome of males with Rett's disorder?
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Most male fetuses with the abnormal gene on their X chromosome die before or shortly after birth
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What are the characteristics of Rett's disorder?
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Diminished social, verbal, and cognitive development after up to 4 years of normal functioning
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What are the characteristics of childhood disintegrative disorder?
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Characteristized by diminished social, verbal, cognitive, and motor development after 2 to 10 years of normal functioning
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Rett's is found mostly in ___, Childhood disintegrative disorder in ____.
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females
males |
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What age range is identified by Erikson to be the stage as industry vs. inferiority?
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Age 7 to 11
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