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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5HT1a*
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antidepressant; anxiolytics
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5HT2a*
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target of hallucinogens, atypical antipsychotics
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5HT2C
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target of hallucinogens, atypical antipsychotics; regulation of appetite, anxiety
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5HT3
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anxiolytic; cognitive enhancement
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5HT4
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modulation cognition, anxiety
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5HT6
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target of hallucinogens, atypical antipsychotics
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5HT7
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possible regulation of circadian rhythms?
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D1
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D1 & D2 stimulation is synergistic; cocaine
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D2*
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therapeutic target/ cause of side effects of antipsychotics
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D4
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target of atypical antipsychotics
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M1
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regulatoin of cognition & seizures
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M4*
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target of antiparkinsonian anticholinergic drugs
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NAChR
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regulation of tobacco use, cognitive enhancement
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alpha2A,B,V
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agonists sedative & anti-HTN
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H1*
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antagonists produce sedation, weight gain
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H3
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antagonists produce arousal & appetite
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dopamine is important in the ______ system & is important in _______
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reward system
addictions |
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cocaine blocks re-uptake of ________
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dopamine
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what two NT's are increased in mania?
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dopamine & NE
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what two NT's are decreased in depression?
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dopamine & NE
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low CNS serotonin levels are associated with what 3 diseases/ behaviors?
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suicide
aggression major depression |
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GABA is the receptor site for ______
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benzodiazepine action
(and... barbiturates, picrotoxin, GABA, steroids... also contains a Cl- channel) |
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glycine may be involved in what?
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negative symptoms of schizophrenia
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glutamate is associated with _____ and may be involved in _____
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memory
schizophrenia |
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NMDA R has binding sites for....
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glutamate, glycine, & D-serine
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endogenous opiods (endorphins, encephalins, dynorphin)
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pain modulation, hunger, thirst, mood control
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corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)
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stress response
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substance P
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pain
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neurotensin
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antipsychotics
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cholecystokinin
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satiety (perhaps indirectly via gut)
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vasopressin/ oxytocin
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social bonding
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neuropeptide Y
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stress response (--> fat accumulation)
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neurosteroids
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implicated in depression, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, ADHD, substance abuse, eating disorders, & postpartum disorders
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cytokines
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overproduc'n--> arthritis
also probably involved in depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia/ chronic fatigue syndromes |
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frontal lobes control....
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voluntary movement, language production (L), motor prosody (R), comportment, executive function, motivation
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temporal lobes control...
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audition, language comprehension (L), sensory prosody (R), memory, emotion
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parietal lobes control....
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tactile sensation, visuospatial function (R), reading (L), calculation (L)
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occipital lobes control....
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visual & visual perception
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hippocampus
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short & long-term memory
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hypothalamus
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Regulates hunger, thirst, & reponse to pain. Levels of pleasure, anger, & aggression.
functionally linked to pituitary |
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amygdala
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integrates internal & external stimuli. assigns emotional significance to sensory experiences.
may mediate learned fear responses (anxiety, panic) |
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cingulate gyrus
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focuses attention on emotionally significant events
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septum
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has areas that seem to be centers for orgasm
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ventral tegmental area
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dopamine pathways seem to be responsible for pleasure & addiction
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basal ganglia
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collectively responsible for repetitive behaviors, reward experiences, & focusing attention
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caudate
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modulates motor acts. also influences associative & cognitive processes.
normally allows motor system to carry out only those acts that are goal directed. when it fails its f'n, extraneous acts are performed (ie: OCD, Tourette's, tic disorders) decreased activity in OCD diminished in Huntington's |
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putamen
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regulates movement, influences learning
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globus pallidus
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postural control
(Wilson's disease) |
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substantia nigra
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degeneration causes Parkinsons
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prefrontal cortex
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executive functioning-- involved in thinking about the future, making plans, & taking action. also involved in dopamine pathways, playing a part in addiction & pleasure.
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cerebellum
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ablation--> coarse movements & tremulousness
active even when a movement is just imagined |
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association b/w cardiac death & chronic hostility may be explained by ______
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chronic increased levels of adrenaline
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a placebo effect can be expected in every clinical entity and for every treatment that involves....
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1) pain
2) depression 3) anxiety 4) the extrapyramidal system 5) the immune system 6) the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis |
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real placebo effects:
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1) changes in behavior
2) altered perception 3) reduced anxiety 4) altered brain state ("remembered wellness") 5) altered neurochemicals |
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artifacts to placebo effect:
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1) self-limiting disorders
2) remission 3) regression to the mean |
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*executive function*
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-working memory & recall
-activation, arousal, & effort -controlling emotions -internalizing language -complex problem solving |
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temporal lobe epilepsy
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may have episodes of bizarre behavior, including hallucinations, w/o grand mal siezures.
may show aggressive behavior b/w episodes. |
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bilateral temporal lobe damage
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hypersexuality, placidity, tendency to explore environment w/ mouth, constantly shifting attention, inability to recognize emotional meaning of visual stimuli
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basal ganglia
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caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra
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