Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the Kohlberg stages of moral development?
|
Preconventional level
Stage 1 - Punishment/power Stage 2 - Focus on own needs, occasionally others Conventional Level Stage 3 - behavior adapted to gain approval from S.other Stage 4- authority/maintaining social order by following rules of an important group Postconventional Stage 5 - social contract w/ overall society Stage 6 - universal principles justice,reciprocity,equality-some stage 5 rules broken |
|
|
Define Colic, and when does it abate? How doe you treat it?
|
Crying more than 3 hours/day more than 3 days/week. Cause unknown (air in GI tract?).
Usually resolves by 4 months. Treatment: Holding, avoiding overstimulation, antispasmodics. |
|
|
Define normal devel. of crying
|
Peaks at 6 weeks, most frequent btwn 4-6 PM.
|
|
|
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
|
Fear is reaction to threat of (real or imagined) injury.
Anxiety same reaction without knowledge of WHAT the threat is. |
|
|
What neurotransmitters are implicated in anxiety?
|
NE
5-HT GABA |
|
|
What are behavioral signs of attachment to the mother?
|
Following mom with eyes/limbs
Clinging Smiling at mom Signaling fright Need for maternal comfort |
|
|
What is general withdrawal syndrome?
|
exhibited by newborns born to mothers who use rec. drugs.
Symptoms: irritability, trembling, vomiting |
|
|
What can maternal Rubella infection result in?
|
Deafness
Cataracts Heart Defects Autism Mental Retardation |
|
|
What are mothers under 15 at risk of?
|
Stillbirth
Spontaneous Abortion Premature Birth Obstetric complications b/c less likely to get prenatal care, physically immature |
|
|
What are predisposing factors to teen pregnancy?
|
Depression
Low Academic achievment/goals Poor planning for future Divorced Parents |
|
|
What are common behavioral responses to divorce by age group?
|
2 1/2-5 problems sleeping, enuresis, moodiness,anxiety
5-8 bereavment,feel rejection, fantasize reconcil, poor schoolwork 9-12 feigned anger/nonchalance, decline school, peer probs adolescents- depression, drugs/alcohol, sexual act. |
|
|
When is distress at hospitilization greatest in children?
|
6 months to 4 years
|
|
|
Define Pseudocyesis
|
False pregnancy - symptoms in women with desire or fear of pregnancy
|
|
|
During pregnancy, what happens to sex drive and when should sexual relations be stopped?
|
Increased drive (pelvic vasocongestion) or decreased (discomfort, self image, fear harming fetus)
Cessation 4 weeks prior to expected delivery date. |
|
|
How is prematurity defined?
What is it associated with? |
Gestation period less than 34 weeks OR birth weight less than 2500 g.
7% births, assoc w/ teen pregnancy, low SE status, poor maternal nutrition |
|
|
Define anaclitic depression.
|
Depression in infant (esp between 6-12 mos) due to continued separation from caregiver, resulting in failure to thrive.
|
|
|
What are effects of infant deprivation?
|
4 W's: Weak, Wordless, Wanting (socially), Wary
Decreased Muscle Tone Poor Language Skills Poor socialization Skills Lack of Basic Trust Anaclitic depression Weight Loss Physical Illness |
|
|
What can severe deprivation lead to, and when are irreversible changes noted?
|
Irreversible changes w/ deprivation greater than 6 mos.
Severe deprivation--> infant death |
|
|
What are some examples of failure to thrive in children?
|
Developmental retardation
Poor health & Growth Higher death rates despite adeq physical care |
|
|
What is the order of frequency of forms of child abuse?
|
Most frequent - neglect, then physical abuse, 3) sexual, 4) emotional
|
|
|
What are signs of physical abuse, who is often the abuser, and how many deaths/year?
|
Healed fractures
cigarette burns subdural hematomas multiple bruises retinal detachment/hemorrhage Female, primary care giver about 3000 deaths/year in US |
|
|
Signs sexual abuse, abuser, peak age of incidence?
|
Genital/anal trauma
STD's UTI's Known to victim, usually male Peak incidence 9-12 years. |
|
|
What are common scenarios in which children will psych. regress to prev. developmental state.
|
Physical Illness
Punishment Birth of new sibling Tiredness |
|
|
What four reflexes are typically present at birth?
|
Moro reflex (birth to 2mos) = extension of limbs when startled
Rooting reflex - nipple seeking when brush cheek/etc Palmar Reflex - grasps objects in palm (diss. 2 mos) Babinski Reflex - large toe dorsiflexes with plantar stimulation |
|
|
At 3 months, what motor and social milestones are present?
|
Motor: holds head up, Moro reflex disappears
Social: social smile (at people versus spont smiles at birth) Can express fear,anger,joy,affection |
|
|
What about at 4-5 months?
|
Motor: rolls front to back
sits propped up Social: recognized people babbles at 3-4 mos |
|
|
7-9 months?
|
Motor: (6-7) picks up objects with thumb and forefinger
Sits alone Social: Stranger anxiety orients to voice by 6 mos bonding established |
|
|
12-14 months?
|
Motor: Stands with support, upgoing Babinski disappears
|
|
|
12-15 months?
|
Motor: walks
Social: (10-15) few words, separation anxiety (10-18) |
|
|
When are transitional objects employed?
|
(ex - teddy bear)
2 mos-2 years, usually discarded by age 4 |
|
|
What are stages of toddler development, starting with:
12-24 mos (1-2 years) |
Motor: Climbs Stairs, Stacks 3 blocks
Social: Object Permanence |
|
|
18-24 months (1 1/2- 2 years)
|
Motor: Stacks 6 blocks
Toilet training becomes POSSIBLE at 18 mos (sphincter control) Social: Rapprochement (moving away and returning to mom for reassurance) |
|
|
24-36 months (2-3 years)
|
Social:
Core GENDER identity can say phrases avg vocab 200 words Motor: kicks ball, balances on one foot for one second |
|
|
24-48 months (2-4 years)
|
Parallel play (plays along with others while ignoring them)
|
|
|
Preschool development
30-36 months (just under 3) |
Motor: stacks 9 blocks
Toilet Training |
|
|
3 years
|
Rides tricycle
Copies line or circle drawing Social: Group Play |
|
|
4 years
|
Simple drawings (stick figures)
Hops on 1 foot Social: Cooperative Play |
|
|
5 years
|
Fairly normal syntax
detailed drawings skips |
|
|
School age child (6-11)
|
Development of conscience (superego)
Same sex Friends Identification with same sex parent |
|
|
At what age do boys and girls respectively enter puberty?
|
Boys - 13 years
Girls - 11 years Abstract Reasoning (formal operations) Formation of personality |
|
|
Define Climacterium
|
diminution in physiologic function that occurs during midlife (men - decreased muscle strength, endurance, sexual performance, women-menopause)
|
