Behavioral Science

Front 1

Freud's Oral Stage

Back 1

Connects mouth an biological nee to eat with mind's awareness of being a self

Front 2

Freud's Anal Stage

Back 2

period of human development occurring at about one to two years of age. Around this age, the child begins to toilet train, which brings about the child's fascination in the erogenous zone of the anus. The anal stage coincides with the start of the child’s ability to control his anal sphincter, and therefore his ability to give or withhold gifts at will.

Front 3

Freud's Phallic Stage

Back 3

about three to five years of age, and the erogenous zone associated with it is the area of the genitals. Even though the gratification is focused on the genitals, this is not in the form of adult sexuality, since the children are physically immature. However, stimulation of genitals is welcomed as pleasurable and boys, like adult males, may have erections during their sleep. Children become increasingly aware of their body and are curious about the bodies of other children, but also their parents. Freud observed that children of this age can very often be observed taking off their clothes and playing “doctor” with each other, or asking their mothers whether she has a penis. These observations persuaded Freud that the gratification is focused on and around the genitals during this period.

Front 4

Freud's Latency Stage

Back 4

6-11 years, sexual and aggressive drives get subordinated by interests in other children, school, and activities

Front 5

Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage

Back 5

birth to 24 months.
Infant learns about the world exclusively from senses and motor abilities

Front 6

Piaget's Preoperations Stage

Back 6

24 mos - 6 years

Developing ideas about how things work. Limited, self-focused perspective. No complexity

Front 7

Piaget's Concrete Operations, Abstract Operations

Back 7

Concrete (grade school) : child begins to think logically and with a purpose.

Abstract : Individual can think ahead, understand, or at least want to understand, more complex and abstract ideas

Front 8

Erikson's Trust vs Mistrust

Back 8

Infant deals with care-taking which can be variable. Desired outcome is hope.

Front 9

Erikson's Autonomy vs Doubt

Back 9

(1-3 years)
Child learns about elimination and importance. Desired outcome is will.

Front 10

Erikson's Initiative vs Guilt

Back 10

(3-6 years)
Child takes initiative to explore and engage with world. Desired outcome is sense of purpose.

Front 11

Erikson's Industry vs Inferiority

Back 11

(6-12) Children learn how to read, write, etc.Desired outcome is sense of competence.

Front 12

Erikson's Identity vs Role Confusion

Back 12

Adolescent years. Desired outcome is stable sense of identity and fidelity towards chosen value system.

Front 13

Erikson's Intimacy vs Isolation

Back 13

Young adulthood. Desired outcome is intimacy and love

Front 14

Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation

Back 14

Adulthood (30-60ish). Desired outcome is Caring

Front 15

Erkison's Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Back 15

Older adulthood. Desired outcome is Wisdom

Front 16

How do reflexes differ from developmental milestones?

Back 16

normally disappear within the first year of life

Front 17

Moro reflex

Back 17

Startling event causes the arms to go straight out and hands wide open and bring back to midline.
Disppears 6-7 months

Front 18

Rooting reflex

Back 18

Touch newborn on side of cheek an it turns head to that side and opens the mouth. Disappears between 3-6 months

Front 19

Stepping reflex

Back 19

Hold baby up with feet on a flat surface, she will make rhythmic leg movements. Really a withdrawal reflex. Goes away in a couple of months.

Front 20

Babinski reflex

Back 20

Stroking bottom of baby's foot causes toes to fan out and curl. Present in first year of life because of the incomplete myelination of the corticospinal tracts.

Front 21

Crawling reflex

Back 21

Placing baby on stomach and applying pressure to soles of feet causes rhythmic movements of arms and legs. Goes away after 3-4 months but returns at 6-7 months as voluntary crawling starts.

Front 22

When does vision acuity improve to approximately normal?

Back 22

7-8 months

Front 23

When does hearing acuity improve?

Back 23

First few months as amniotic fluid is absorbed

Front 24

When do infants develop object permanence?

Back 24

by about 8 months of age

Front 25

First spoken words recognizable

Back 25

12-13 months

Front 26

Stranger Anxiety

Back 26

Development milestone causing baby to act fearful and wary of strangers. About 7-9 months thru 18 months. Infant becomes very attached to one or two very specific persons.