Behavioral Science 1-3

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Insomnia

Back 1

Lack of, or diminished, ability to sleep
6 hrs. or less, common

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Hypersomnia

Back 2

Excessive sleeping

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Parasomnia

Back 3

Something may happen during sleep (taken from lecture, as in sleepwalking)
interfers with sleep

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Anorexia

Back 4

Loss of, or decrease in, appetite

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Hyperphagia

Back 5

Increase in intake of food

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Normal Thinking

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Thinking refers to the ideational components of mental activity, processes used to imagine, appraise, evaluate, forecast, plan, create and will.

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Psychosis

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Inability to distinguish reality from fantasy; impaired reality testing with the creation of a new reality

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Formal Thought Disorder

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loosened associations, neologisms, and illogical constructs; thought process is disordered, and the person is defined as psychotic.
Lack of connections between thoughts.

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Autistic Thinking

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Preoccupation with inner, private world; term used somewhat synonymously with dereism. (One of the four A=s of schizophrenias.)

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Magical Thinking

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A form of dereistic thought; in which thoughts, words, or actions assume power (for example, they can cause or prevent events)

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Irrelevant answer

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Answer that is not in harmony with question asked (patient appears to ignore or not attend to question)

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Loosening of association

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Flow of thought in which ideas (that make sense) shift from one subject to another in a completely unrelated way; when severe,
speech may be incoherent
JUMP from topic to topic without stimuli

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Incoherence

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Thought that generally is not understandable; running together of thoughts or words with no logical or grammatical connection, resulting in disorganization
CAN hear words, no understandable phrases

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Word salad

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Incoherent mixture of words and phrases

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Glossolalia

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Neologisms that simulate coherent speech; the expression of a revelatory message through unintelligible words (also known as speaking in tongues); not considered a disturbance in thought if associated with practices of specific religions

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Blocking

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Abrupt interruption in train of thought before a thought or idea is finished.

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Pressure of speech

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Rapid speech that is increased in amount and difficult to interrupt.
Can interrupt.

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Volubility (logorrhea)

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Copious, coherent, logical speech.
CAN'T interrupt. If do, pat. could get mad.

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Flight of ideas

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Rapid, continuous verbalizations or plays on words produce constant shifting from one idea to another.
LOUD and FAST
Shifting of Ideas due to Stimuli

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Clang associations

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Association of words similar in sound but not in meaning; words have no logical connection; may include rhyming and punning.

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Circumstantiality

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Indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets from original point to desired goal.

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Tangentiality

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Inability to have goal-directed associations of thought; speaker never gets from point to desired goal.

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Verbigeration

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Meaningless repetition of specific words or phrases.

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Perseveration

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Persisting response to a previous stimulus after a new stimulus has been presented.
repeat same word at end of phrase, but phrase makes sense.

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Echolalia

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Psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of one person by another.

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Coprolalia

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Compulsive utterance of obscene words

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Dysarthria

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Difficulty in articulation, not in word finding or in grammar.

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Neologism

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New word created by a patient, often by combining syllables of other words, for idiosyncratic psychological reasons.

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Dysprosody

Back 29

Loss of normal speech melody (called prosody). Should be called aprosody.

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Overvalued idea

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Unreasonable, sustained false belief maintained less firmly than a delusion

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Delusion

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False belief, based on incorrect interference about external reality, not consistent with patient=s intelligence and cultural background; cannot be corrected by reasoning.
People from same backgroun with same knowledge.

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Delusion of perception (or delusion of reference)

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A person=s false belief that the behavior of others refers to himself or herself.
When people laugh, thinking laughing at patient.
NORMAL preception with delusional interp.
Wearing red therefore a communist.

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Systematized delusion

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False belief or beliefs united by a single event or theme.

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Bizarre delusion

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An absurd, totally implausible, strange false belief.

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Mood congruent delusion

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Delusion with mood-appropriate content.

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Mood incongruent delusion

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Delusion with content that has no association to mood or is mood neutral.

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Nihilistic delusion
Cotard

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False feeling that self, others, or the world is nonexistent or coming to an end.

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Delusion of poverty

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A person=s false belief that he or she is bereft or will be deprived of all material possessions.

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Somatic delusion

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False belief involving functioning of the body.

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Delusion of self-accusation

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False feeling of remorse and guilt.

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Delusion of control

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False feeling that a person=s will, thoughts or feelings are being controlled by external forces.

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Delusion of thought withdrawal

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Delusion that thoughts are being removed from a person=s mind by other persons or forces

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Delusion of thought insertion

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Delusion that thoughts are being implanted in a person=s mind by other persons or forces.

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Delusion of thought broadcasting

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Delusion that a person=s thoughts can be heard by others, as though being broadcast over the air.

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Delusion of thought control

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Delusion that a person=s thoughts are being controlled by other persons or forces

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Delusion of infidelity or delusion of jealousy

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False belief derived from pathological jealousy about a person=s lover being unfaithful.

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Erotomania
Cl erembault Syndrome

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Delusional belief, more common in women than men, that someone is deeply in love with them.

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Delusion of doubles
(Capgras syndrome)

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Pedi, people are doubles, you look like but are not the actual person

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Pseudologia phantastica

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A type of lying in which a person appears to believe in the reality of his or her fantasies and acts on them.

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Hypochondria

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Exaggerated concern about health that is based not on real organic pathology, but rather on unrealistic interpretations of physical signs or sensations as abnormal.

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Obsession

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Pathological persistence of an irresistible thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort.

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Phobia

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Persistent, irrational, exaggerated, and invariably pathological dread of a specific stimulus or situation

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Hallucination

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False sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli

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Hypnagogic hallucination

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False sensory perception occurring while falling asleep.

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Hypnopompic hallucination

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False perception occurring while awakening from sleep

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Auditory hallucination

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False perception of sound, usually voices but also other noises, such as music; most common hallucination in psychiatric disorders

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Visual hallucination

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False perception involving sight consisting of both formed images and unformed images

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Olfactory hallucination

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False perception of smell

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Gustatory hallucination

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False perception of taste

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Tactile (haptic) hallucination

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False perception of touch or surface sensation, as from an amputated limb
Insects in body

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Somatic hallucination

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False sensation of things occurring in or to the body
Bacteria in Body

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Lilliputian hallucination

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False perception in which objects are seen as reduced in size

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Synesthesia

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Sensation or hallucination caused by another sensation (e.g., an auditory sensation accompanied by or triggering a visual sensation)

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Trailing phenomenon

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Perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinogenic drugs in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and discontinuous images

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Illusions

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Misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli.

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Macropsia

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State in which objects seem larger than they are

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Micropsia

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State in which objects seem smaller than they are

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Depersonalization

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A person=s subjective sense of being unreal, strange or unfamiliar

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Derealization

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A subjective sense that the environment is strange or unreal

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Clouding of consciousness

Back 70

Incomplete clear-mindedness with disturbances in perception and attitudes
Common in Dilerium; patients attn lost, must repeat questions and shout.

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Disorientation

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Disturbance of orientation in time, place or person

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Delirium

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Bewildered, restless, confused, disoriented reaction associated with fear and hallucinations

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Stupor

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Lack of reaction to, and unawareness of, surroundings

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Coma

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Profound unconsciousness

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Coma vigil

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Coma in which a patient appears to be awake with eyes open but cannot be aroused
BAD! lesions near 3rd ventricle

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Twilight state

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Disturbed consciousness with hallucinations

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Dream state

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Often used as a synonym for complex partial seizure or psychomotor epilepsy

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Drowsiness

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A state of impaired awareness associated with a desire or inclination to sleep

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Sundowning

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Syndrome in older persons that usually occurs at night and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, and falling as the result of being overly sedated with medications

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Emotion

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Complex feeling state with psychic, somatic, and behavioral components that is related to affect and mood

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Affect

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Observed expression of emotion, possibly inconsistent with patient=s description of emotion
Lasts as long as idea stays in mind (short time)

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Mood

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Pervasive and sustained emotion subjectively experienced and reported by a patient and observed by others
Affect that last longer time.

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Appropriate affect

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Condition in which the emotional tone is in harmony with the accompanying idea, thought or speech

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Inappropriate affect

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Disharmony between the emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought or speech accompanying it
What shown isn't what felt.

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Constricted or restricted affect

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Reduction in intensity of feeling tone, less severe than blunted affect but clearly reduced

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Blunted affect

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Disturbance in affect manifested by severe reduction in the intensity of externalized feeling tone
Infrequently show emotion

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Flat affect

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Absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression; voice monotonous, face immobile

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Labile affect

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Rapid and abrupt changes in emotional feeling tone, unrelated to external stimuli

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Dysphoric mood

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An unpleasant mood

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Euthymic mood

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Normal range of mood

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Expansive mood

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A person=s expression of feelings without restraint, frequently with overestimation of their significance or importance

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Elevated mood

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Air of confidence and enjoyment

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Euphoria

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Intense elation with feelings of grandeur

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Elation

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Feelings of joy, euphoria, triumph, intense self-satisfaction, or optimism, and exaggerated motor activity

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Exultation

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Combination of euphoria, elation and an attitude of grandeur

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Ecstasy

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Feeling of intense rapture

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Mood swings

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Oscillations between euphoria and depression or anxiety

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Depression

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Psychopathological feeling of sadness
suisidal ideas, weak, tired, lack of sexual interest.

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Anhedonia

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Loss of interest in, and withdrawal from, all regular and pleasurable activities

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Grief or mourning

Back 100

Sadness appropriate to a real loss

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Alexithymia

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A person=s inability to, or difficulty in, describing or being aware of emotions or mood

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Anxiety

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Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger, which may be internal or external
Max. degree on anxiety
Shortness of breath; chest tightening, appear quickly and goes away quickly

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Panic

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Acute, episodic, intense attack of anxiety associated with overwhelming feelings of dread and autonomic discharge

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Fear

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Anxiety caused by consciously recognized and realistic danger

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Ambivalence

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Coexistence of two opposing impulses toward the same thing in the same person at the same time
Love/hate; want/don't want
1 of 4 A's of Schiz.

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Agitation

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Severe anxiety associated with motor restlessness

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Catatonia

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Seen in catatonic schizophrenia and some patients with brain diseases
Disorder of activity, too much or too little

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Catalepsy

Back 108

General term for an immobile position that is constantly maintained

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Catatonic excitement

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Agitated, purposeless motor activity, uninfluenced by external stimuli

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Catatonic stupor

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Markedly slowed motor activity

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Catatonic rigidity

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Voluntary assumption of a rigid posture

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Catatonic posturing

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Voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizarre posture

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Cerea flexibilitas (waxy flexibility)

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Condition in which a person can be molded into a position that is then maintained

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Akinesia

Back 114

Lack of physical movement

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Negativism

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Motiveless resistance to all attempts to be moved or to all instructions
Refuse to obey, eat, talk, etc.

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Cataplexy

Back 116

Temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states
all emotions can cause;
localized or systemic

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Stereotypy

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Repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech

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Mannerism

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Ingrained, habitual involuntary movements

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Compulsion

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Pathological need to act on an impulse that, if resisted, produces anxiety

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Automatism

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Automatic performance of an act or acts generally representing unconscious symbolic activity

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Mutism

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Voicelessness without structural abnormalities

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Hyperactivity or hyperkinesis

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Restless, aggressive, destructive activity

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Psychomotor agitation

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Excessive motor and cognitive activity

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Sleepwalking

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Motor activity during sleep

Front 125

Akathisia

Back 125

Subjective feeling of muscular tension secondary to antipsychotic or other medication
can't sit/stand still; always walking.

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Polyphagia

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Pathological overeating

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Hypoactivity or hypokinesis

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Decreased motor and cognitive activity

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Astasia abasia

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Inability to stand or walk in a normal manner

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Coprophagia

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Eating of filth or feces

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Amnesia

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Partial or total inability to recall past experiences

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Anterograde amnesia

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For events occurring after a point in time

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Retrograde amnesia

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For events occurring before a point in time

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Total amnesia

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Generalized; Can't remember before or after.

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Paramnesia

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Falsification of memory by distortion of recall

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Fausse reconnaissance

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False recognition

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Retrospective falsification

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Memory becomes unintentionally (unconsciously) distorted by being filtered through a person=s present emotional, cognitive, and experiential state

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Confabulation

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Unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagined or untrue experiences that a person believes but that have no basis in fact
Have no memory
Korsakoff - alcohol blamed, thiamine deficiency, mamillary bodies and thymus. Anterograde amnesia

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Déjà vu

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Illusion of visual recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded as a repetition of a previous memory
Feeling been place never been.

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Jamais vu

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False feeling of unfamiliarity with a real situation that a person has experienced
Feeling never been to city although lived there.

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Hypermnesia

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Exaggerated degree of retention and recall

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Eidetic image

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Visual memory of almost hallucinatory vividness

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Lethologica

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Temporary inability to remember a name or a proper noun

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Blackout

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Amnesia experienced by alcoholics about behavior during drinking

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Selective Amnesia

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Don't remember accident at all

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Circumscribe amnesia

Back 145

remember accident, but not personal experience in accident

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Paranoid Delusion

Back 146

delusion of persecution, grandeur, or reference