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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the behavioral approach focus on? |
Observable behavior. Belief or study of the importance of rewards and punishments in learning and behavior. |
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Who is considered the "father of behaviorism"? |
John Watson |
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What did John Watson believe psychology as a science should move away from? |
The mind, consciousness, feeling, and thinking |
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What is Ivan Pavlov famously known for? |
Pavlov is known for the Pavlov dogs; dogs trained to salivate at the sound of a bell even when no food was present. |
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What is classical conditioning and identify each part within it |
Classical Conditioning: a learning process that occurs through associations between the environmental stimulus. Parts: The unconditional stimulus, unconditioned response, neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. |
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B.F. Skinner believed that behavior was more strongly influenced by what concept? |
Rewards and punishments |
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Describe operant conditioning |
Learning through rewards and punishments and the association between behavior and consequences.
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Positive Reinforcers? |
Favorable events or outcomes. Rewarded Ex: Receiving money for good grades |
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Negative Reinforcers? |
removal of unfavorable events or outcomes. Taking away bad things. Ex: Doing chores to avoid parent's complaint |
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Positive Punishment? |
presented with unfavorable event or outcome to weaken response. Ex: Child picks nose in class and gets reprimed by teacher in front of class. |
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Negative Punishment? |
Favorable event or outcome is removed after bad behavior. Ex: taking away a child's toy for misbehaving |
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What well-known operant conditioning experiment is Thorndike most known for? |
Thorndike is most well-known for his Puzzle Box. A hungry cat is put into a box and the cat only receives food when it steps on the floor pedal to open the door hiding the food. |
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The focus of psychodynamic is on which part of the mind? |
the personality |
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Who is considered the "father of psychoanalysis"? |
Sigmund Freud |
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What did Freud believe our unconscious thoughts centered around? |
Freud believe the unconscious mind centered around sexual or aggressive thoughts |
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Why did Freud believe dreams were important? |
Dreams are the key to the unconscious mind, and repressed concepts are hidden in symbol associations. |
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Freud's theory of personality |
id: unconscious psychic energy ego: executive mediator superego: internalized ideals |
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Oedipus Complexes |
when young boys wish to replace the father and possess the mother. Boys also feel that if the father found out, he would remove the boy's gentials |
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Electra Complex |
young girls experience jealousy of the being born a girl instead of a boy. Envious of male genitals. |
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Psychosexual Stages of Development |
Oral: Baby gets satisfaction from putting things in his/her mouth to satisfy the libdio and the id Anal: Kids develop independence by using the toilet by themselves. Ego develops. Phallic: Boys compete against father for mother's affection while girls wish to be boys Latency: development of the ego and superego calms sexual energy. Sexual energy is instead directed to academic or social means. Genital: sexual focus on opposite sex |
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How did Carl JUng differ from Freud about the unconscious |
Jung believed the mind consisted of two parts, personal and collective unconscious. Also believed humans had a shared unconscious. |
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Alfred Adler's "Individual Psychology" |
people are constantly striving for perfection and trying to overcome weaknesses |
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Two things Anna Freud most well-known for |
study in defense mechanisms and founded child psychoanalysis |
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Defense Mechanisms |
Repression, Regression, Reaction Formation, Rationalization, Displacement, Sublimation, Projection |
