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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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in the news
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Marijuana uses is a risk factor for testicular cancer
369 men ages 18-44 years were diagnosed with testicular cancer Questions on their lifetime marijuana use- compared with the responses of 979 age-matched controls Men with testicular cancer were more likely to be current marijuana smokers compared with controls The risk was elevated in frequent uses/at least weekly The risk was elevated if use began in adolescence Cannabinoid receptors-G-protein coupled recepters expressed in the testes- prolonged activation of these recepters may disrupt normal antitumor signaling Needs to be replicated |
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Tolerance
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A decrease in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly.
Heroin – drug users need to take more to have desired effect Route of administration |
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Sensitization
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Higher dose- increase in the effectiveness
Drug craving – drug cues Seeing a needle Cocaine - repeated use; more and more likely to produce movement disorders -too much dopamine: very fluid movement (too much) |
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Withdrawal (table)
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The appearance of symptoms when a drug is abruptly stopped
Withdrawal symptoms are usually the opposite of drug |
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Agonist (p)
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facilitates the effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell.
Increase enzymes that synthesize Neurotransmitter |
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Antagonist
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Opposes or inhibits the effects of a neurotransmitter
Decrease enzymes that synthesize NT |
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Increase precursor –
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agonist
up Tryptophan - up Serotonin |
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Block transmitter storage in vesicles
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Antagonist
Reserpine - down, monoamines at synapse down |
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Stimulate release
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Agonist
Meth up dopamine, serotonin up |
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Block reuptake
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Agonist
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Stimulate autoreceptors
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Antagonist
Apomorphine down, dopamine release down |
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Acetylcholine
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The first neurotransmitter to be discovered
Important for muscle movement Adequately functioning memory Alzheimer's patients have depleted levels of Ach –beta amyloid causes leakage of choline Some Alzheimer’s treatments include drugs that inhibit the action of Ach -Alzheimers are treated with Ach to bring levels back up |
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Botulinum toxin
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prevents release of acetylcholine by terminals.
antagonist |
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Black widow spider venom
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A poison produced by the black widow spider that triggers the release of acetylcholine.
agonist |
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Acetylcholine (how made)
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acetyl CoA and Choline
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Monoamines
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Catecholamines
look up |
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Dopamine
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Behavior and cognition, Motor activity, Motivation and reward, Regulates milk production
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very important pathways of dopamine regulation
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nigrostriatal system,mesolimbic system
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nigrostriatal system
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A system of neurons originating in the substantia nigra and terminating in the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen).
Movement - Parkinson's disease |
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mesolimbic system
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A system of dopaminergic neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus.
Reward (reinforcement) drug addition |
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Precursor for dopamine
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tyrosine
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Norepinephrine
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Also called noradrenaline
Involved in fight or flight response Heart rate Released when a stressful event is encountered Alertness and arousal Also involved in reward system |
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fusaric acid
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antagonist to norepin - filamentous fungi
A drug that inhibits the activity of the enzyme dopamine-ß-hydroxylase does not effect the production of Dopamine (see whether behavior is moderated by dopamine or epinephrine) |
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Serotonin (5-HT)
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Indolamine
The chemistry of well being, inhibition of anger aggression body temperature -thermoregulation Sleep and sexuality Vomiting and appetite |
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Fluoxetine (anit-depressant)
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A drug that inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT.
Serotonin agonist SSRI |
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Serotonin Syndrome
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Extremely high levels of serotonin can have toxic and potentially fatal effects: mental confusion, coma, sweating, nausea
Ecstasy, self-poisoning or a change in medication |
