Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1

Front 1

Does the PNS regenerate after damage?

Back 1

Yes

Front 2

Does the CNS regenerate after damage?

Back 2

Neurons-some, glial cells-yes, but generally does not regenerate.

Front 3

What is the PNS composed of?

Back 3

The somatic and autonomic system.

Front 4

Where does the sympathetic division innervate from?

Back 4

Comes out through spinal cord specifically thoracic and lumbar.

Front 5

Where does the parasympathetic division innervate from?

Back 5

Cranial nerves and sacral.

Front 6

What does the arachnoid mater do?

Back 6

Helps regulate cerebral spinal fluid.

Front 7

What does pia mater do and what is unique about it?

Back 7

Covers and protects brain and it is the only membrane that extends into the folds.

Front 8

What does the chroid plexus do?

Back 8

Makes cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 9

What is gyri (pl) or gyrus (sing)?

Back 9

Ridges in the brain.

Front 10

What is a fissure or sulcus (sing)/ (sulci)?

Back 10

Grooves in the brain.

Front 11

What is the outer shell of the brain called?

Back 11

The neocortex.

Front 12

The right half of the brain processes information for the ______________ of the sensory world.

Back 12

Left half

Front 13

What is the neocortex divided by?

Back 13

The longitudinal fissure.

Front 14

The central sulcus divides which two lobes of the brain?

Back 14

Frontal and parietal.

Front 15

Rostral/anterior

Back 15

Towards the front of the animal (or front of head).
Out of stomach, or out of nose.

Front 16

Caudal/posterior

Back 16

Towards the tail of the animal.
Out of butt, or back of head.

Front 17

Dorsal/superior

Back 17

Out of back, or top of head.

Front 18

Ventral/inferior

Back 18

Located below. Out of belly, down from chin.

Front 19

Where is touch?

Back 19

Touch is in the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe.

Front 20

Where is vision?

Back 20

Vision is in the occipital lobe.

Front 21

Where is movement?

Back 21

Movement is in the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Front 22

Where is the "what" of visual processing located?

Back 22

In the temporal lobe.

Front 23

Where is the "where" of visual processing located?

Back 23

In the parietal lobe.

Front 24

Where is cognitive planning located?

Back 24

In the frontal lobe.

Front 25

Where is Broca's area located?

Back 25

In the frontal lobe.

Front 26

What is located in the midbrain?

Back 26

Superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, tegmentum, periaqueductal gray.

Front 27

What is located in the hindbrain?

Back 27

Pons, medulla, and cerebellum.

Front 28

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

Back 28

Place learning and perhaps binding.

Front 29

What does a CAT scan show?

Back 29

The structure of the brain.

Front 30

How does MRI work:Step 1?

Back 30

Atoms spin in random directions, like tops, around their individual magnetic fields.

Front 31

How does MRI work:Step 2?

Back 31

About half the atoms go each way, but there are a few unmatched atoms.

Front 32

How does MRI work:Step 3?

Back 32

When radio frequency (RF) is applied, the unmatched atoms spin the other way.

Front 33

How does MRI work:Step 4?

Back 33

When the radio frequency is turned off, the extra atoms return to normal position, emitting energy.

Front 34

How does MRI work:Step 5?

Back 34

The energy sends a signal to a computer. The computer uses a mathematical formula to convert the signal into an image.

Front 35

How does fMRI work?

Back 35

It is blood-oxygen level dependent. Looks at amount of oxygenated blood to deoxygenated blood. Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin have different magnetic properties.

Front 36

What does EEG do?

Back 36

Records electrical activity on the scalp.

Front 37

What are some of the functions of glial cells?

Back 37

Glial cells are supporting cells and form a barrier between the blood and the brain which is called the blood/brain barrier.

Front 38

What type of channels are in the input zone of a neuron?

Back 38

Ligand-gated channels.

Front 39

What type of channels are in the conducting and output zone of a neuron?

Back 39

Voltage-gated channels.

Front 40

What does a ligand-gated channel need in order to become active?

Back 40

It needs something to come over and bind to it. Ex:ligand

Front 41

What determines whether a voltage-gated channel becomes active?

Back 41

It becomes active based on charge.

Front 42

What parts of a neuron are in each zone of a multipolar neuron?

Back 42

Input Zone: Dendrites and cell body

Conducting Zone: Axons

Output Zone: Axon Terminals

Front 43

What parts of a neuron are in each zone of a bipolar neuron?

Back 43

Input Zone: Dendrites

Conducting Zone: Axons and cell body

Output Zone: Axon Terminals

Front 44

What parts of a neuron are in each zone of a monopolar neuron?

Back 44

Input Zone: Dendrites

Conducting Zone: Axons and cell body

Output Zone: Axon Terminals

Front 45

What is the structural difference between a bipolar neuron and a monopolar neuron?

Back 45

The axon of a monopolar neuron is divided by the cell body.

Front 46

What are the electrical potentials for signaling?

Back 46

1. Resting Potential which includes sodium/potassium pumps

2. Action Potential

3. Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

4. Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

Front 47

What are the two types of information processing?

Back 47

Electrical and chemical signaling.

Front 48

What are the types of electrical signaling?

Back 48

1. Excitation

2. Inhibiton

3. Action Potentials

4. Graded Potentials

Front 49

What is a type of chemical signaling?

Back 49

Neurotransmitters

Front 50

If a patient has difficulty acquiring new skills what part of their brain is most likely damaged?

Back 50

Basal ganglia

Front 51

If a patient looses their balance very easily they most likely have damaged their ________

Back 51

Flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

Front 52

LTP is associated with

Back 52

High frequency stimulation

Front 53

If you have difficulty timing movements you have damage to ______

Back 53

Posterior lobe of the cerebellum

Front 54

What does the pinna do?

Back 54

It captures, focuses, and filters sound.

Front 55

In the hypothesis of memory process which region has the smallest capacity?

Back 55

Short-term shortage.

Front 56

What does the middle ear do?

Back 56

Amplifies sound.

Front 57

What is the place theory of pitch perception?

Back 57

Pitch is the location of the largest vibrations.

Front 58

What is the nodes of Ranvier?

Back 58

The part of axon not covered by myelin.

Front 59

What is saltatory conduction?

Back 59

An action potential jumps from node to node.

Front 60

What does the medial superior olive do?

Back 60

Computes time difference of a sound between two ears.

Front 61

What does the lateral superior olive do?

Back 61

Computes intensity difference of a sound between two ears.

Front 62

The top tube of the cochlea is divided by what?

Back 62

Reissner's membrane.

Front 63

Where do high frequencies produce the largest vibrations of the basilar membrane?

Back 63

Near the base of the cochlea.

Front 64

Where do low frequencies produce the largest vibrations of the basilar membrane?

Back 64

Near the apex of the cochlea.

Front 65

What is the basilar membrane like at the base of the cochlea?

Back 65

It is short and stiff.

Front 66

What is the basilar membrane like at the apex of the cochlea?

Back 66

It is wide and floppy.

Front 67

HM had bilateral removal of what brain region?

Back 67

Medial temporal lobe

Front 68

According to the Spatial Map Theory what is your hippocampus doing?

Back 68

Mapping your location in space.

Front 69

Where is episodic memory stored?

Back 69

Anterior prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex

Front 70

What is a fornix?

Back 70

It is a hippocampul lesion.

Front 71

Does the Spatial Map Theory fit with HM?

Back 71

No

Front 72

What is the associative map theory?

Back 72

Hippocampus forms associations between stimuli. Need to know physical location in relation to other stimuli.

Front 73

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellum?

Back 73

Molecular, purkinje cell, and granular layer.

Front 74

What is the end plate?

Back 74

On the muscle, the receptor-ion complex that is activated by the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the terminal of a motor neuron.

Front 75

What is a transmitter-sensitive channel?

Back 75

Receptor complex that has both a receptor site for a chemical and a pore through which ions can flow.

Front 76

What does the dura mater do?

Back 76

Sack that covers brain and spinal cord. Keeps cerebral spinal fluid in.

Front 77

What are parallel fibers?

Back 77

Long lateral fibers that form synaptic contacts with multiple purkinje cells.

Front 78

What does the purkinje cell do?

Back 78

Guides movements by inhibiting neurons.

Front 79

What does the cerebellum receive and integrate.

Back 79

Motor and sensory information.

Front 80

What do climbing fibers form many synaptic connections with?

Back 80

1-10 Purkinje cells.

Front 81

What does the granule layer do?

Back 81

Project into molecular layer and form parallel fibers.

Front 82

What do mossy fibers form many synaptic contacts with?

Back 82

Granule cells

Front 83

What are the two inputs of the cerebellum?

Back 83

Climbing and mossy fibers

Front 84

What is the output of the cerebellum?

Back 84

Purkinje cell

Front 85

What is the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum responsible for?

Back 85

Vestibular control

Front 86

What is the vermis and anterior lobe of the cerebellum responsible for?

Back 86

Motor coordination and limb control

Front 87

What is the posterior lobe of the cerebellum responsible for?

Back 87

Initiation and planning of movements, and timing of movements.

Front 88

What are the 3 levels of motor control?

Back 88

Spinal cord, cerebellum, and the cerebral cortex, specifically the primary/secondary motor cortex.

Front 89

What do lesions to primary motor cortex do to a person?

Back 89

They cause weakness.

Front 90

Do neurons for movement fire before, during, or after the movement?

Back 90

Before

Front 91

What do lesions of supplementary motor area and premotor cortex do a person?

Back 91

They result in loss of voluntarily movements.