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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Homeostatic regulation |
One of the two processes responsible for sleep |
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Adenosine |
Exists in most neurons |
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Circadian Rhythm |
A pattern of behavioral, biochemical, or physiological fluctuation that has a 24 hour period. One of the two processes responsible for sleep. |
One of the two processes responsible for sleep |
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Phase shift |
Shifting activity |
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Entrainment |
Shifting rhythm |
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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) |
Circadian rhythm is controlled by the hypothalamus |
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Retinohypothalamic Pineal Pathway |
Release of glutamate in SCN. SCN activates hormone production in pineal gland. |
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Hypocretin/Orexin |
Produced in hypothalamus to promote wakefulness |
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Ways to record circadian rhythm in mouse |
Continuous activity record on exercise wheels / spatial movement and distance recordings via software / mouse EEG |
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Cellular process within SCN |
Takes 24 hours to complete cycle |
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Sleep stage 1 |
Alpha rhythms and vertex spikes |
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Sleep stage 2 |
Sleep spindles and K complexes |
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Sleep stage 3 |
Delta waves |
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Sleep stage 4 |
Mostly delta waves |
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Sleep cycles |
An episode of SWS (slow wave sleep) followed by REM (rapid eye movement). Lasts 90 to 110 mins. |
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REM sleep |
REM sleep gets longer across the night. We sleep less on average and have less total REM sleep across our lifetime |
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Anasthetics |
Drugs such as barbiturates and gases that render people unconscious during surgery. Produce slow waves in EEG that resemble those seen in SWS |
They boost GABA a receptors inhibitory effect on neurons |
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Neurotransmitters involved in sleep |
Adenosine, melatonin, glutamate, GABA, hypocretin, acetylcholine, norepinephrine |
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Brain areas involved in sleep |
Basal forebrain, pontine, reticular formation, locus coeruleus, temporal lobe |
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Memory consolidation during sleep |
SWS = factual information REM = procedural & conditioning memory |
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Awake (brain waves) |
Desynchronized waves |
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Adenosine |
Builds up throughout the day to produce sleepiness, cleared overnight. Produced in basal forebrain |
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Temporal Love |
Active during sleep Shrinks due to long-term, sustained lack of sleep |
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Melatonin |
Decreased during day, increased in evening Produced by pineal gland |
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Glutamate |
Ganglion cells from retina create glutamatergic synapses in hypothalamus |
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GABA |
Agonists = sleepy Antagonists = awake Hypothalamus - where anesthetics take action |
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Hypocretin (orexin) |
Produced in hypothalamus to promote wakefulness |
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Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine |
In basal forebrain and cortex promotes wakefulness |
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Basal forebrain |
Inhibition if acetylcholine leads to GABA release in hypothalamus Induces SWS |
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Pontine |
Triggers REM sleep |
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Reticular Formation |
Activates forebrain Transitions from SWS to wakefulness |
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Locus Coeruleus |
Activation = wakefulness Inhibits GABA |
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