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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the unipolar mood disorders?
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MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
DYSTHYMIC DISORDER |
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What are the bipolar mood disorders?
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BIPOLAR I DISORDER
BIPOLAR II DISORDER CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER BIPOLAR DISORDER NOS |
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What can anesthesia cause?
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anxiety and depression
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What is the biologic etiology of mood disorders caused by?
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biogenic amine dysregulation
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What is biogenic amine dysregulation?
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-serotonin depletion in depression
-low levels of 5-HIAA associated with violence and suicide -dopamine activity may be reduced in depression and increased in mania |
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What is the neuroendocrine cause of mood disorders?
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-Probably reflects disruption in biogenic amine input to hypothalamus
-Hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depression -Immune functions decreased in both mania and depression |
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What is the genetic component of mood disorders?
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-both bipolar disorders and depressive disorders run in families
-evidence for heritability higher in bipolar disorders |
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What is a newer theory re: the etiology of mood disorders?
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-there is an abnormality of the mitochondria
-some believe glutamate is a culprit in the cause of depression- in the mitochondria or elsewhere in the cell |
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What is the dexamethasone suppression test?
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-historically significant test that was originally intended to be able to diagnose depression
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In the dexamethasone suppression test, what is nonsuppression (positive test result) thought to indicate?
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-hypersecretion of cortisol secondary to hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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What percentage of patients with major depression show nonsuppression on test?
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-50% (NOT an accurate test)
-limited usefulness because of frequent false positives and false negatives |
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What do some patients with mania or psychotic depression show on brain CT?
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-enlarged cerebral ventricles
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What do some depressed patients show on brain CT?
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-decreased blood flow in basal ganglia
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What do depressed patients show on MRI?
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-smaller caudate nuclei and smaller frontal lobes than normals
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What is the theory behind the MRI findings on depressed patients?
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-abnormal regulation of membrane phospholipid metabolism
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What is anhedonia?
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Inability to experience feelings of pleasure at all
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What are neuro-vegetative symptoms?
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vegetative symptoms = common somatic manifestations of depression
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What are some physiologic disturbances associated with mood disorders?
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Anorexia/hyperphagia
Insomnia/hypersomnia; early am awakening Diurnal variation of sxs (worse in a.m.) Diminished libido Constipation Pica: craving and eating of nonfood substances like clay or paint Abnormal menses Insatiable hunger and voracious eating: seen in atypical depression |
