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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is reliability?
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the extent that an instrument provides consistent measurements across different raters and testing environments
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what reliability score should research instruments have?
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>0.7
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what reliability should clinical instruments have?
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0.85-0.95
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what is validity?
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whether the test correctly detects what is the true underlying condition
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what is sensitivity?
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if the disorder is present, how likely is it that the test is positve?
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what is specificity?
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if the disorder is absent, how likely is it that the test is negative?
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what does the IQ number mean?
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where the patient's intelligence is compared to the rest of the population at the patient's highest level of functioning (i.e. score won't be as high during a psychotic episode)
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how much of intelligence is inherited?
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estimated 50%
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what does IQ not predict?
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vulnerability to mental illness, however, having a higher IQ may indicate you have better coping strategies which may make someone less vulnerable to mental illness
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what was the standard IQ test?
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stanford binet intelligence scale
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what is more often used as an IQ test now?
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wechler IQ
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how many versions of the wechsler IQ test are there now?
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3, preschool, children, and adult forms
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what kind of IQ scores does wechsler provide and why is this important?
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3 kinds - full scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ
discrepancies of 12-15 points between verbal and performance IQ may suggest clinically significant problems |
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what is the normal range of IQ?
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85-115
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below what IQ score is it considered intellectually disabled?
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less than 70
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what are objective personality tests?
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self-report tests that measure personality characteristics
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What is the MMPI-2?
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the minnesota muliphasic personality inventory; 567 question test that provides ten clinical scales with an internal validty scale to weed out people using it for their own devices; used to assess common personality traits
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what is MCMI-III?
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Milon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory; designed to identify both symptoms disorders (axis I) and personality disorders
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what is the personality assessment inventory?
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broadly assesses multiple domains of relevant psychological function
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what are projective tests of personality and what are they used for today?
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ties to psychoanalysis and the idea of unconscious motives; may be used in children and individuals who are unable or unwilling to self-disclose their internal states
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what is the famous example of projective tests of personality?
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rorschach inkblot
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what is thematic apperception test?
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a series of people in poses in pictures and the patient is asked to interpret what is going on; example of projective tests of personality
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what are sentence completion tests and projective drawings examples of?
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projective tests of personality
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what is house-tree-person?
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a projective drawing test in which someone is asked to draw a house, tree, and person and the way the patient draws each can tell a lot about the patient
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what is the most extensive testing?
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neuropsychological assessment
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what does neuropsych assessment rely on?
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norm-referenced, standardized tests
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what is the goal?
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to determine whether and to what extent a patient's cognitive status has been altered
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what is the main advantage of neuropsych assessment?
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it can evaluate cognitive and behavioral constructs that are believed to be mediated by special regions of the brain
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when is neuropsych assessment often used? (6)
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CV accidents
traumatic brain injury dementia ADHD learning disabilities degenerative disorders |
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what is a trail test?
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an example of a dimension testes in neuropsych assessment that tests attention and frontal/executive function
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what is the rev-osterrieth complex figure?
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an example of testing frontal/executive functions that can test cognitive flexibility, organization and planning, motivation, etc
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what dimensions does neuro-psych assessment test?
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attention, frontal/executive thinking, memory, language, visual processing skills, and sensory-perceptual and motor functions
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what is the most widely accepted definitiion of learning diability and what test is preferable to that?
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academic achievement two standard deviations below that predicted by IQ; this definition has problems with both sensitivity and specificity therefore age/grade discrepancies may be preferable
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what is ADHD?
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a disability for learning but not a leaning disability; therefore comorbid with other learning disabilities
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who is more likely to have a learning disability?
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boys
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what is the most common learning disorder?
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dyslexia/reading disorder (reading accuracy, speed, or comprehension below educational level or age)
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what is the genetic component of dyslexia? (3)
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rates in susceptible families are higher (35-45%) and linked to chromosome 6 (phonological regonition) or chromosome 15 (whole-word reading)
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what is the treatment for dyslexia?
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multisensory approaches to teaching phonological processing
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what is disorder of written expression?
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ability to express self in writing falls substantially below expectations for the child's intellectual functioning, age, eduational level
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what are 3 examples of disorders of written expressions?
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dyslexic dysgraphia
motor dysgraphia spatial dysgraphia |
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what is dyslexic dysphagia?
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poor spelling, poor spontaneous work, good copied work
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what is motor dysphagia?
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spelling normal, poor handwriting, including copied work
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what is spatial dysgraphia?
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poor alignment of written work on lines
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what is the treatment for dyslexic dysgraphia?
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phonological instruction
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what is the treatment for motor dysphagia?
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occupational therapy
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what is a mathematics disorder?
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ability on tests falls significantly below predicted AND impairs academic achievement
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what may contribute to a mathematics disorder?
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comprehending language, recognizing signs and symbols, spacial organization, etc
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what is the treatment for mathematics disorder?
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few established, extra time, extra tutoring
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what is developmental coordination disorder?
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significant deficiencies in motor coordination for age and intellectual ability
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what is the treatment for coordination disorder?
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occupational therapy
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what are 4 examples of communication disorders?
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expressive language disorder
mixed receptive-expressive language disorders phonological disorder stuttering |
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what is expressive language disorder?
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delayed language acquisition and slow rate of language growth
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what is mixed receptive-expressive language disorders?
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difficulty understanding words, sentences, and meanings
may be acquired |
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what is phonological disorder?
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failure to recognized and utilize speech sounds
may be related to chronic ear infections, incomplete palate, or neuro problems |
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what is stuttering?
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increased physical tension when talking
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what should all children with communication disorders have and why?
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an audiogram to rule out hearing impairment
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how are communication disorders treated? (3)
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interventions focused on breathing and oropharyngeal manipulation
multisensory individualized interventions stuttering may benefit from cognitive/behavioral therapy |
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how prevalent is mental retardation?
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1%
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what are some etiologies of mental retardation?
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majority are idiopathic
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what is the diagnostic criteria for mental retardation?
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must occur before age of 18
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concurrent deficits/impairments for diagnosing mental retardation must have at least 2 of the following...
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communication
self-care home living social skills use of community resources self-direction functional academic skills work leisure health safety |
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what is considered mild mental retardation?
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IQ level 50-55 to 70
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what is considered moderate mental retardation?
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35-40 - 50-55
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what is severe mental retardation?
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20-25 - 35-40
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what is profound mental retardation?
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below 20-25
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