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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Avoiding capture behavior
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fleeing
inspecting feigning death signaling attacking |
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Avoiding encounter behaviors
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reducing the time or parameters ( alpha and T)
timing of activity (day vs. night) sheltering behavior |
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Avoiding detection behaviors
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coloration
distribution and spacing cryptic behavior |
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Discouraging attacks
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coloration (mimicry or warning color)
advertising profitability (show or fitness) |
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Escaping attacks behaviors
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startle coloration
evasive maneuvers group behaviors ( vigilence, confusion effect, mobbing) |
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Avoiding consumption behaviors
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defensive structures
defensive behaviors chemical weapons |
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Spiny Lobster Adaptations
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1. avoiding encounters with nocturnal activity and group behavior
2. avoiding detection with transparent color and disruptive color 3. discourage attacks by sticking spines out of holes 4. escaping attacks by having group behavior where they share dens and have coordinated defensive efforts 5. avoiding consumption by growing larger and having many spines and projections |
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What is a signal?
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a unit of information passed from one individual to another
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Complexity of signals/communication
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specificity and the number of elements are highest for sexual signals and lowest to other species
deception signals are lowest for sexual signals and highest among species |
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Ritualization Signals
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intention movements
ambivalent behavior protective responses autonomic responses displacement activities redirected attacks |
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Types of mating signals
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species recognition
sex recognition indication of receptivity indication of quality |
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Types of aggression signals
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individual recognition
indication of rank indication of intention indication of RHP |
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Types of social signals
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foraging information
predator alarm indication of status coordination |
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Why is deception rare?
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Deception is rare within a species because it is hard to maintain
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War of attrition model of aggression
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contests of will first
next is contest of strength finally serious fight |
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Hawk Dove Game
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hawk can invade dove and dove can invade hawk
therefore neither is an ESS, but a mixture is |
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Hawk Dove Bourgeois Model
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resource holder is the hawk and always wins
the invader is the dove and loses |
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Hormones in aggression
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Usually, androgen and testosterone are high at times of aggression
some animals have high levels of serotonin for aggression, which can remain for long periods of time Corticosterone is the stress hormone that is sometimes higher to a losing individual |
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Behavioral Syndrome
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A mixed proportion of behavioral types in a population that has been selected for
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Advantage of behavioral types
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changing environments and the advantages of mixing behaviors favors them being maintained.
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