Behavior Modification

Front 1

The collection and analysis of info and data in order to identify and describe target bx, identify possible causes of bx, select treatment and evaluate treatment outcome

Back 1

Behavioral assessment

Front 2

Inital interactions b/w a client and practitioner

Back 2

intake

Front 3

Function of the ______ phase: inform client about agency; determine if agency is appropriate; look for crisis condition; gather sufficient info

Back 3

Screening/ Intake phase/ Pre-baseline

Front 4

During this phase, bx modifier assesses the target bx

Back 4

Baseline phase

Front 5

Now will design a treatment program to bring desired change; training/ teaching program

Back 5

Treatment/ intervention phase

Front 6

Carried out to determine if improvements have been made

Back 6

Follow up phase

Front 7

WHen you aren't physically observing the bx; can be used if observing is unethical or if bx is unlikely or private; i.e. interview,questionnaires, role playing, info from consulting professionals and client self-monitoring, analog setting

Back 7

Indirect Assessment

Front 8

When specific behaviors are precisely defined and directly observed by other individuals

Back 8

Direct Assessment

Front 9

Used to clearly demonstrate the antecedent events that exert control over a problem bx and/or consequences that are controlling that bx

Back 9

Experimental Assessment

Front 10

Attempt to demonstrate that the occurrence of a bx is a function of certain controlling variables

Back 10

Experimental Functional Analyses

Front 11

Reason for assessment:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Back 11

1. May discover that bx really isn't a problem
2. Can select best intervention
3.Able to measure change
4. Public posting to progress toward goals
5. Reactivity or people change bx b/c they are being observed

Front 12

When people change their bx because they are being observed

Back 12

Reactivity

Front 13

Refers to a form of a particular response; description of specific movements

Back 13

Topography

Front 14

Refers to the number of instances of the bx that occur in a given period of time

Back 14

Frequency/ rate

Front 15

A graph when each of the responces for a condition during a session are added to the total responces of all previous session for that condition; i.e. in session 3 = 4 responces, session 4 = 5 responces therefore total of 9 plotted on session 4....

Back 15

Cumulative graph

Front 16

When each data point represents the total number of elements completed during a session

Back 16

Frequency chart

Front 17

Measuring amount; length of time that a bx occurs within some period of time

Back 17

Duration

Front 18

Force of a responce; i.e. voice loudness; grip pressure

Back 18

Intensity

Front 19

Used to indicate that a certain bx occurs in the presence of certain stimuli and not others

Back 19

Stimulus control

Front 20

The time b/w the occurrence of a stimulus and the beginning of a response

Back 20

Latency

Front 21

This is an arbitrary desingation of one or more of the previous characteristics of behavior (latency, duration...) that is identified as having some functional value

Back 21

Quality
i.e. a "good" student has a high frequency of studying and getting test questions right

Front 22

Recording every instance of a bx during a specified time segment

Back 22

Continuous recording

Front 23

Specific block of item is selected (like 30 min observation period) and the time is divided into equal intervals of short duration (10 sec). A specific bx is recorded as occuring or not occuring during each interval

Back 23

Interval recording

Front 24

A specified bx is recorded a maximum of once per interval throughout the observation period, regardless of how many times the bx might occur during each interval and regardless of the duration; i.e. if it occurs once in 10 sec interval = 1 mark; if it occurs 8 times in 10 sec interval = 1 mark; either get a 1 or 0

Back 24

Partial-interval recording

Front 25

Bx is recorded during an interval only if it persists throughout the entire interval

Back 25

Whole-interval recording

Front 26

Bx is scored as occurring or not occurring during very brief observation interval; which are separated from each other by a much long period of time; i.e. checking a child for rocking every one hour for 15 second interval, then the next time to check is separated by one hour

Back 26

Time-sampling recording

Front 27

Bx is recording as occuring or not occuring at specific points in time; such as every hour on the hour

Back 27

Momentary time sampling

Front 28

Typically, IOR or interobserver reliability scores b/w _______ are considered acceptable

Back 28

80 and 100%

Front 29

Includes a reveral to baseline conditions followed by a replication of the treatment phase;

Back 29

Reversal-replication or ABAB

Front 30

A-B

Back 30

Baseline-intervention

Front 31

A-B-A

Back 31

Reversal; baseline, intervention, baseline

Front 32

Must have two or more bx at once; calls for the introduction of the treatment sequentially across two or more bx

Back 32

Multiple baseline across bx

Front 33

Treatment on a single bx that occurs in several situation

Back 33

Multiple baseline across situation

Front 34

Effectiveness of a treatment by apllying it sequentially to individuals

Back 34

Multiple-baseline-across people

Front 35

Introduce successive changes in the bx criterion for application of the treatment

Back 35

changing-criterion design

Front 36

Design that involves changing two or more treatments conditions considerably more rapidly than would be done in reveral-replication design; when you want to compare differnt treatments for the same bx or same individual

Back 36

Alternating-treatment/ multiple element design

Front 37

Type of conditioned reinforcer like money

Back 37

Tokens

Front 38

Things one can get with the Token

Back 38

Backup reinforcer

Front 39

Program where a person can earn a token and exchange token for backup reinforcers

Back 39

Token ecomony

Front 40

No one gets a token unless everyone earns a token

Back 40

peer/group contingencies

Front 41

This is an example of _____: smoke cigarette vs. emphysema

Back 41

Immediate small reinforcer vs. delayed strong punisher

Front 42

This is an example of _____: going out with friends vs. better grade on test

Back 42

Immediate small reinforcer vs. delayed large reinforcer

Front 43

This is an example of _____: Not running 1st couple of times vs. reaching goal

Back 43

Avoiding immediate punisher vs. delayed reinforecer

Front 44

This is an example of _____: Not getting mammogram vs. possible breast cancer

Back 44

Avoiding immediate punisher vs. delayed large punisher

Front 45

Immediate Reinforers =

Back 45

Problems of Bx excesses

Front 46

Avoiding immediate small punishers =

Back 46

Problems of behavioral deficiencies

Front 47

Step in self control problem 1- clear concrete measurable terms

Back 47

Specify the problem / set goals

Front 48

Step in self control problem 2-refers to the statements or actions that indicate that it is important to change your bx, that you will work toard doing so and that you recognize the benifits of doing so

Back 48

Make commitment to change

Front 49

Step in self control problem 3- to assess the occurrence of the problem; where, when and how often it occurs

Back 49

Take data and analyze causes

Front 50

Step in self control problem 4- use of intructions, modeling, changing other people/ environment; doing the ABC

Back 50

Design and implementing

Front 51

Step in self control problem 5- being able to maintain your gains over the long run

Back 51

Prevent relapse and make gains last

Front 52

Cheating during a self management program

Back 52

short-circuiting of contingencies

Front 53

Intense, irrational, incapacitating fears

Back 53

Phobias

Front 54

Persistent, irrational fear of a cirumscribed stimulus

Back 54

Simple phobia

Front 55

When one is embarressed/ humiliated by one's own public actions or by judgements of others

Back 55

Social phobia

Front 56

Chest pain, SOB, sweating, dizziness

Back 56

Panic attack

Front 57

In this approach, goal is to elicit intense levels of anxiety by the conditioned stimulus so that the respondent extinction will occur

Back 57

flooding

Front 58

WHen the therapist models for the client approaches to the feared stimulus

Back 58

Participant Modeling

Front 59

Based on the process of counterconditioning her or himself; to handle phobias; when contructing a fear hierarchy and learning deep tendon relaxation

Back 59

Systematic self-desensitization

Front 60

exposure to feared objects or events through imagery, by aksing the individual to imagine various experiences with feared object or through actual presentations of object

Back 60

In vivo exposure

Front 61

Listing 10-30 fear-producing situations r/t undesirable fear and arranging these situations in order, starting with situation that causes the least fear and ending with the one causing the most

Back 61

Constructing the fear hierchy

Front 62

Alternately tensing and relaxing your muscles while attending closely to the internal activities and sensations

Back 62

Learning deep muscle relaxation to be done after construction the fear hierchy

Front 63

Approaches taht focus on substituting rational thoughts and appraisal of information for irrational or dysfunctional thinking

Back 63

Cognitive Restructuring methods

Front 64

Based on premise that most everyday emotional problems stem from irrational statements that people make to themselves when events in their lives are not the way they would like them to be

Back 64

Rational-emotive therapy RET- Ellis

Front 65

Making something bad our of small event

Back 65

Catastrophize

Front 66

It would be nice if... turned into musts or shoulds

Back 66

Musturbation

Front 67

According to _____, people with emotional disorders engage excessively in aberrant, fallacious or dysfunctional thinking, and this is what causes their problems

Back 67

Beck

Front 68

Telling oneself what to do in various situations in bringing about desired behavioral changes; often emphasis is more on teaching the client to cope with the neg emotions than on completely eliminating them; doing self talk

Back 68

Self-instructional coping methods

Front 69

Used for obsessive thoughts: STOP!

Back 69

Thought stopping