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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The ability to learn and then recall the information.
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Memory
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What anatomical sites of the brain are responsible for memory function?
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Bilateral circuits or pathways involving the temporal lobe and thalamus. Specifically:
-Hippocampus -Fornix -Mammillary Bodies -Anterior Thalamic Nucleus |
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What is amnesia caused by?
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1. EtOH-Bilateral thalamic and mammillary body lesions in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
2. Anoxia (cardiac arrest survivors)-Bilateral hippocampal lesions 3. Herpes encephalitis-Bilateral hippocampal lesions 4.Aging |
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The inability to conceptualize and perform a skilled, learned, motor act on command.
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Apraxia
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What kind of apraxia would be caused by a prefrontal lobe lesion?
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Gait Apraxia
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What kind of apraxia would be caused by posterior cortical/parietal lesions?
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Constructional apraxia
Dressing apraxia |
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What is agnosia?
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Impaired recognition of perceived stimuli caused by lesions of the sensory association cortex.
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What syndromes would a lesion in the temporal lobes cause?
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Amnesia
Kluver-Bucy Possible Wernicke's aphasia |
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What is caused by lesions of the non-dominant parietal lobe?
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Hemispatial neglect.
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Where would the lesion be if a patient presented with Gerstmann's syndrome?
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Supramarginal or angular gyrus of the dominant parietal lobe.
Gerstmann's-agraphia, right-left disorientation, dyscalculia, and finger agnosia. |
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What are occiptal lobe syndromes?
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Cortical blindness, sometimes accompanied by denial or anawareness of visual loss (aka Anton's syndrome).
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What can temporo-occipital lesions produce?
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Bilateral-visual agnosia
(can't recognize faces) Dominant side-color anomia |
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Abrupt fluctuating levels of attention and motor activity.
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Delirium (acute confusional state)
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Diffuse impairment of cortical function which usually evolves less abruptly over a longer period and impedes daily function.
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Dementia
-remember to screen for depression -can have personality changes -memory loss if the first deficit noticed. |
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How do you evaluate for dementia?
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1. MMSE
2. MRI to determine etiology 3. LP if febrile 4. Chem 7/CBC, Vit B12, TFTs |
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What is the most common type of dementia in the US?
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Alzheimer's
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Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's
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Excessive accumulation of beta-amyloid in the from of extracellular amyloid or senile cortical plaques.
-Beta amyloid leads to formation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of tau protein. |
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Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's
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Excessive accumulation of beta-amyloid in the from of extracellular amyloid or senile cortical plaques.
-Beta amyloid leads to formation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of tau protein. |
