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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
one way to increase the reliability of observations is to...
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Have two observers recording and compare results of observations.
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method of recording where sample behavior is recorded for a long period of time and is measured periodically thorughout the day
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Time sampling
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recording each and every time a resonse of interest occurs
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event recording
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recording whether an event occurs within a designated time frame (10 seconds, f.e)
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interval recording
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when something is learned and eventually reinforced naturally
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behavior trapping
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the term __________ refers to behavior that is elicited, and the term _________ refers to behavior that is emitted.
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Respondent; operant
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Any stimulus (or event) that follows a response and increases its frequency is said to have a
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Reinforcement function
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In terms of the Stroop effect, behavior analysts point to ____________ and _________ as reasons for hesitations.
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response competition and history of reinforcement
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Positive and negative reinforcers are examples of
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Stimulus classes
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When many extraneous variable are rules out by an experimental design, the experiment is said to be high in ___________________. However it is now not very _______________.
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Internal validity; generalizable
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Behaviors that are based on genetic endowment of an organism are called
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Phylogenetic behaviors
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Phylogenetic pairing of stimuli and response common to all in a species
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Fixed Action patterns
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US / UR
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unlearned stimulus and response. unlearned in that it does not require any previous experience.
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3 primary laws of the reflex
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1.) Threshold- stimulus must be strong enough to elicit a response.
2.)intensity- describes the relationship between intensity of stimulus and its evoked response 3.) Latency- the time between the stimulus and the response. |
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when an unconditioned stimulus repeatedly elicits an unconditioned resonse gradually declines in magnitude.
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Habituation
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what happens as far as the speed of habituation
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the relationship habituates quickly and then levels off.
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If U.S is withheld for some time what happens to a previously habituated relationship?
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it recovers
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when habituation is repeatedly reached each subsequent habituation...
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occurs sooner (after fewer pairings).
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behaviors that arise from learning
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Ontogenetic behaviors
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the transfer of control of behavior from one stimulus to another (S-S pairing) (Food-Bell)
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Respondent conditioning
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the respondent is the...
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Conditioned response (Salivation)
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In Pavlov's dogs what are UCS, CS, UCR, CR
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UCS: Food
UCR: Salivation CS: Bell / Light CR: Salivation |
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When pairing of the CS and CR becomes more successful
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respondent acquisition
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Continously presenting the CS in the abscence of the UCS...
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Respondent extinction
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the observation of an increase in the conditioned response after it had become extinct.
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Spontaneous recovery
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When an organism shows a conditioned response to values of the Conditioned stimulus that were not trained during acquisition.
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Respondent generalization
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When an organism shows a conditioned response to one stimulus but not to other similar events.
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Respondent discrimination
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when the CS is presented a few seconds after the UCS this is a temporal relation known as
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Delay (Most effective)
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When the CS and the UCS are paired together at the same time, this is a temporal relation known as
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Simultaneous (not good)
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When the CS is presented after a gap of time passes from introduction to the UCS, this is a temporal relation known as
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Trace (better than simultaneous but worst than delay)
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When the CS comes before the UCS, this is a temporal relation known as
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Backward conditioning (ineffective)
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The order of temporal relations from best to worst in production of relationship...
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1.) Delay
2.) Trace 3.)Simultaneous 4.)Temporal/Backward |
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Pairing an existing CS with a new CS (CS2) rather than another UCS is a conditioning known as
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Second-order conditioning
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when a compound stimuli are presented at the same time and one pairs with the UCS but one does not (THIS IS BECUASE OF STRENGTH OF STIMULI)
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Overshadowing
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When a previous pairing of UCS with CS does not allow further pairing with other CS (Realize this is because of PREVIOUS LEARNING)
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Blocking
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when two stimuli are presented together (say a light and tone) and later a light is paired with food; however, when a tone is played it also causes salivation because it was paired to the other stimulus that evoked a response
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Sensory Preconditioning
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Rescorla-Wagener model:
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ΔV= S[Vmax- (V-Vsum)]
v= change in associative strength S= salience (V-Vsum) starts at O and becomes a different # (ΔV) |
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In drugs or heroin specifically, a CS is presented without a UCS causing cravings this pocess is known as
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conditioned withdrawal
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Rescorla-Wagner model suggests pairings occur
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Gradually
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Drug problems are reinforced by...
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elicited conditioned response
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Reflexive behavior is said to be ____________ and ___________
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involuntary; elicited
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to do away with unwanted CR one should...
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present the CS without the UCS
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A form of temporal conditioning where there is no overlap of CS and UCS is known as...
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Temporal
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