Becoming A Middle School Or High School Teacher In Texas

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accommodation

Back 1

process through which change is made to an existing knowledge structure (schemata), or a new structure constructed as a result of new information.

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adaptation

Back 2

the adjustment of existing knowledge structures (schemata) through either the process of assimilation or the process of accommodation.

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anorexia nervosa

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eating disorder characterized by very limited foor intake.

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assimilation

Back 4

incorporation of new knowledge into existing knowledge structures (schemata).

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bulimia

Back 5

eating disorder characterized by overeating and the getting rid of the food by self-induced vomiting or laxatives.

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assisted learning/guided participation

Back 6

processes used by a teacher or tutor when providing scaffolding within a student's zone of proximal development.

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clique

Back 7

groups of peers who share similar values and beliefs; smaller in size than a crowd, but larger than a small group of friends.

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cognitive development

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changes in mental processes.

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concrete operational

Back 9

the stage of Piaget's theory characterized by a child's need for concrete objects or situations in order for logical thinking to take place.

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crowd

Back 10

large group of peers who share some similar attributes, interests, and desired activities (but not close friendship); usually there are identifiable labels for these groups to which students feel affiliation.

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development

Back 11

systematic, lasting changes that take place over the course of the human life span.

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disequilibrium

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stage of unbalance that occurs after an interaction with the environment that conflicts with our prior represtation of the events or objects.

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equilibrium

Back 13

the constant search for a balance between what we already know and some new knowledge or experience.

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formal operational

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the stage of Piaget's theory characterized by a child's ability to think logically using abstract ideas and concepts.

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identity vs. identity confusion

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Erikson stage in which students emerge feeling as if they can or cannot adequately answer the question, "Who am I?"

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imaginary audience

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adolesents' belief that everyone is as concerned about their behavior and appearance as they are.

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industry vs. inferiority

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Erikson stage in which students emerge either feeling eager to engage in productive work or feeling incompetent in dealing with social situations and with their peers.

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maturation

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internally determined change.

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organization

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continual process of arranging information, objects, and events within mental systems (schemata)

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peer network

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large group of peers with whom students associate.

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personal fable

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adolescents' belief that they are special in the sense of being unique, invulnerable, and omnipotent

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physical development

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changes in the human body dependant to large extent on genes.

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prepubescence

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the period of life immediately before puberty, often marked by accelerated physical growth.

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private speech

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Vygotsky described private speech, or self-talk, as a critical factor in guiding and monitoring thinking and problem solving, especially for children (but also sometimes used by adults.)

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puberty

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the stage of adolescence in which an individual becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction.

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reflectivity

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the tendency to think about what is going on in one's own mind and to study oneself.

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scaffolding

Back 27

guidance and support from adults or peers that is gradually withdrawn as competence improves.

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schema

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(schemata) building blocks of thought that enable us to understand our world and help guide our interactions with objects and events.

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self-concept

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conscious, cognitive perception and evaluation of oneself.

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self-esteem/self-image

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the global value humans place on their own particular characteristics, behaviors, and abilities.

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social development

Back 31

change that occurs as humans interact with others.

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stages of moral reasoning

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levels of thinking processes related to judgments of right or wrong.

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zone of proximal development

Back 33

the difference between intellectual tasks that children can perform alone and those that they can perform with the assistance of an adult or more skilled peer.