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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define "fermion" |
A mass carrying particle. They obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and have a half integral spin (n/2 spin where n is an odd integer). |
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Define "boson" |
A force carrying particle. They obey Bose-Einstein statistics and have an integer spin. |
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Define "elementary particle" |
Particles with no measurable internal structure. They are not composed of other particles. |
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Define "composite particle" |
Particles which are composed of more that one elementary particles. |
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Define "quark" |
An elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. They combine via the strong force to form hadrons. |
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Define "hadron" |
A composite particle consisting of quarks held together by the strong force. |
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Define "meson" |
A hadron composed of a quark - anti-quark pair |
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Define "baryon" |
A hadron composed of a 3 valence quarks. |
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Define "lepton" |
A fermion which is not held together by the strong nuclear force |
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Define "kaons" |
A meson containing a single strange or anti-strange quark |
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State 9 properties of quarks. |
Baryon number, bottomness and topness, charge, charm, lepton number, mass, spin and strangeness. |
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During a collision of two particles the mass before and after the collision is not the same. Why is this? |
The energy before the collision was converted to mass (congealed energy) via E=mc^2. |
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State the four fundamental interactions in nature. |
Electromagnetic, gravitational, strong and weak interactions. |
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What is the carrier particle(s) for electromagnetic interactions? |
Photons |
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What is the carrier particle(s) for gravitational interactions? |
Gravitons |
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What is the carrier particle(s) for strong interactions? |
Gluons |
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What is the carrier particle(s) for weak interactions? |
W (W+ and W-) bosons and the Z boson |
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Give an example of an electromagnetic interaction. |
Reflection, diffraction or other suitable example. |
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Give an example of gravitational interaction. |
Gravitational collapse, projectile motion (on earth), planetary motion or other suitable example. |
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Give an example of a strong interaction. |
The interaction between subatomic particles in the nucleus countering the electrostatic forces of repulsion or other suitable example. |
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Give an example of a weak interaction. |
Nuclear fission, radioactive decay or other suitable example |
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What is the charge for a down (d) quark? |
-1/3 |
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What is the charge for an up (u) quark? |
+2/3 |
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What is the charge for a strange (s) quark? |
-1/3 |
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What is the charge for a charm (c) quark? |
+2/3 |
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What is the charge for a bottom (b) quark? |
-1/3 |
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What is the charge for a top (t) quark? |
+2/3 |
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What is the spin for quarks? |
+1/2 (they are fermions) |
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What is the baryon number for quarks? |
+1/3. 3 quarks are required to form a baryon |
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What is the charm of a charm quark? |
+1 |
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What is the strangeness of a strange quark? |
-1 |
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What is the topness of a top quark? |
+1 |
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What is bottomness of a bottom quark? |
-1 |
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Define "quark and antiquark pair" |
A pair of elementary particles which combine via the strong force to form hadrons with some properties of equal magnitude but opposite sign. |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a proton? |
uud |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a neutron? |
udd |
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What is the quark composition(s) of an antiproton? |
_ _ _ uud |
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What is the quark composition(s) of an antineutron? |
_ _ _ udd |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (charmed lamda) Λ+c? |
udc |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (lamda) Λ0? |
uds |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (bottom lamda) Λ0b? |
udb |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (top lamda) Λ+t? |
udt |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a Σ0? |
uds |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a Σ+? |
uus |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a Σ-? |
dds |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (omega) Ω−? |
sss |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (charmed omega) Ω0c? |
ssc |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (bottom omega) Ω−b? |
ssb |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (xi) Ξ0 or Ξ-? |
Ξ0 = uss Ξ- = dss |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (charmed xi) Ξ+c and Ξ0c? |
Ξ+c= usc Ξ0c= dsc |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a (bottom xi) Ξ0b or Ξ-b? |
Ξ0b= usb Ξ-b= dsb |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a π0? |
(anti)u u or (anti)d d |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a π-? |
d (anti)u |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a π+? |
u (anti)d |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a K0? |
d (anti)s or s (anti)d |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a K-? |
s (anti)u |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a K+? |
u (anti)s |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a J/ψ? |
c (anti)c |
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What is the quark composition(s) of a ϕ? |
s (anti)s |
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What is the rules for superscript and subscript characters for a particles symbol? |
Superscript is the charge, subscript is denotes if the particle has a charm, topness or bottomness (c,t and b respectively). A bar on top of the letter represents the quarks antiparticle. |
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What is the charge of an electron? |
-1e |
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What is the charge of a muon (μ−)? |
-1e |
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What is the charge of a tauon (τ−)? |
-1e |
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What is the charge of neutrinos? |
0, neutral |
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State 3 types of neutrinos, giving their name and symbols. |
Tau neutrino (ντ), muon neutrino (νμ), electron neutrino (νe) |
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What property differs between types of neutrinos? |
Mass: ντ> νμ> νe |
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Define "nucleons" |
The constituent baryons of normal atomic nuclei: protons and neutrons. |
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Define "hyperons" |
Baryons which contain one or more strange quarks. They are normally heavier and less stable compared to nucleons and will usually decay in a fraction of a second: xi, omega, sigma, lamda. |
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Name 3 leptons |
Any 3 from: electrons, muons, tauons and neutrinos |
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Name 3 mesons |
Any 3 from: pions, kaons, J/psi mesons or phi mesons |
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Name 5 baryons |
Any 5 from: xi, omega, sigma, lamda, neutron, proton |
