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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 types of Acute Candidiasis?
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Pseudomembranous
Atrohpic (Erythmatous) |
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What are the 4 types of Chronic Candidiasis?
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Pseudomembranous (common in HIV)
Atrophic (Erythmatous) Hyperplastic Mucocutaneous |
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Other than Candidiasis. what are some other common fungi?
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Histoplasmosis
Aspergillosis Mucormycosis |
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Candida Albicans is a very common dimorphic yeast. What are it's 2 forms and which is pathogenic?
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Yeast from - commensal
Hyphal form - pathogen |
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What is the Spectrum of Diseases someone with Candidiasis can present with?
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Carrier
Superficial oral mucosal/cutaneous infection Localized invasive candidiasis Disseminated candidiasis |
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Describe Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis...
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Also know as thrush, it's plaques have s a white, curdled milk or cottage cheese like appearance.
Occurs mostly on the buccal mucosa, palate or tongue. May be asymptomatic, but burning or unpleasant tast occasionally noted. |
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Describe Ertyhematous Candidiasis...
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Usually an area of redness with variable borders.
Common on tongue, with diffuse atrophy of dorsal tongue papillae, particularly after broad spectrum antibiotics. Typically causes burning sensation. |
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Describe Hyperplastic Candidiasis...
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Also know as Candidal leukoplakea, it is a white patch that cannot be rubbed off often seen on the anterior buccal mucosa.
Problematic as true leukoplakia may have candidasis superimposed on it. Should resolve with antifungal therapy. |
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Describe Denture Stomatits...
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often referred to as Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis, also there is not much evidence to support this - no candidal invasion of the mucosa is seen.
Erythema of palatal denture-bearing area. Typically asymptomatic. |
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Describe ANgular Cheilitis
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Usually related to candidiasis, but may have other cuaneous bacterial microflora involved.
Redness, cracking corners of the mouth. Often waxes and wanes. May require topical or systemic antifugal therapy |
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Name 6 conditions which frequently are concomitant with Candida infection...
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1. Hairy leukoplakia
2. Lichen plaus 3. Median rhomboid glossitis 4. Denture sore mouth 5. Papillary hyperplasia of the palate 6. Angular cheilitis (7. HIV, immune disorders) |
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Describe Central Papillary Atrophy...
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Referred to as "median rhomboid glossitis" in the past, but most due to candidiasis.
Well defined area of redness, mid posterior dorsal tongue, usually asymptomatic. |
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What is perioral candidiasis associated with?
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lip licking or chronic use of petrolatum-based materials
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What 3 things will someone with Multifocal Oral Candidiasis have?
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Angular cheilitis
Central papillary atrophy A 'kissing lesion" of the poster hard palate |
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What is Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis associated with?
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Specific immunologic defect related to how the body interacts with Candida Albicans
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How does one diagnose Candidiasis?
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Usually clinical signs and symptoms are sufficient.
Cultures may not distinguish between carrier and infection. Biopsy usually not necessary. |
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How do you manage Candidiasis?
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Depends on severity:
- Superficial, then use milder topical or systemic antifungal agent - Life Threatening: usually require intraveous amphotericin B |
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What are 2 Polyene antifungals?
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- Nystatin (mycostatin)
Topical only. Bitter. - Amphotericin B (Fungizone) IV form used in life-threatening systemic fungal infections. |
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What are some Imidazole antifungals? How do they work?
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'zoles' work by inhibiting "lanosterol demethylase"
- Clotrimazole Pleasant tasting but need 5xDay - Ketoconazole (Nizoral) Requires acid stomach, single daily dose - Miconazole (Daktarin) Apply frequently to fitting surface of denture |
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What are some Thiazoles? How do they work?
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"zoles" work by inhibiting "lanosterol demethylase"
- Fluconazole (Diflucan) Daily dose, expensive - Itraconazole (Sporanox) Expensive, daily dose, minimal SE |
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What form of Chlorhexidene can be used to treat fungal infection?
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Chlorhexidene gluconate
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Describe Mucormycosis.
How is it diagnosed? What is it's treatment? Prognosis? |
Usually affects severe diabetic or immunocompromised.
Can cause nasal obsturction, bloody nasal discharge, facial pain, black nectrotic lesions, visual distrubances and blindness with progressions. Seizures and death with intracranial invasion. Culture too slow so diagnosis on histopathology. Large, branching, non-septate hyphae with extensive tissue necrosis. IV amphotericin B, control diabtetes Poor |
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Describe the presentation of Histoplasmosis?
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Pulmonary infection predominates, but dissemination to oral mucosa, presenting as non-healing, usually painful ulcers, can occur
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