Bct102 - Plastics

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Plastics - definition

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Plastics generally are organic high polymers (i.e., they consist of large chainlike molecules containing carbon) that are formed in a plastic state either during or after their transition from a small-molecule chemical to a solid material.

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The 2 basic groups of plastic materials are

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thermoplastics and thermosets.

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thermoplastic

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thermoplastic resins consist of long molecules each of which may have side chains or groups that are not attached to other molecules (not crosslinked). Thus, they can be repeatedly melted and solidified by heating and cooling so that any scrap generated in processing can be reused.

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thermoset plastics

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react during processing to form crosslinked structures that cannot be remelted and reprocessed.

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Acrylics - examples

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Outstanding resistance to long-term exposure to sunlight and weathering is one of the most important characteristics of acrylic. Used in WWII as aircraft canopies. Other applications: large-area enclosures for shopping centers, swimming pools, restaurants, and as room dividers.

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Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)

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family of thermoplastics are called terpolymers because they're made of 3 diff. monomers, to create a single material that draws on best properies of all 3. high impact and mechanical strength. Good for appliances, automotive parts, pipe, business machines, and telephone components. Shower heads, door handles, faucet handles and automotive front grilles.

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Alkyds

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enamels, paints, lacquers, and similar coatings for automobiles, refrigerators, stoves, and similar products. Molding electrical applications like circuit breaker insulation, coal forms, capacitor and resistor encapsulation, houseings, etc.

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Cellulosics

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Cellulosics are thermoplastic resins manuf. by chemical modification of cellulose. Used to make knobs, appliance housings, handles, toys, packaging, automotive parts, cellophane.

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Epoxy

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Epoxies are thermosetting resins used by plastics industry in several ways. One is in combination with glass fibers to produce high-strength composites or reinforced plastics that provide heightened strength, electrical and chemical properties and heat resistance. Typical uses: aircraft components, filament wound rocket motor casings for missiles, pipes, tanks. Adhesives, protective coatings in appliances, industrial equipment, gymnasium floors, etc., and sealants.

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Fluoropolymer

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Thermoplastic resins known for inertness to most chemicals, resistance to high temperatures, low friction and excellent dielectric properties, insensitive to temperature and power frequency.

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Melamine-Formaldehyde

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Thermosetting resins. This plastic is a member of the amino family (includes urea) and is probably best known for rugged, colorful dinnerware. Also has electrical applications and in bonding, adhesives and coatings.

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Nitrile Resins

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Thermoplastic resisns called barrier resins since one of the prime attributes is their resistance to the transmission f gas, aroma or flavor, making them useful in packaging applications.

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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

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thermoplastic resins known as vinyl to the public

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6 resins account for nearly all the plastics used in packaging:

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1. PET (polyethelene terephthalate) - soft drink bottles
2. HDPE (high density polyethylene) used in milk, juice and water containers - excellent protective barrier properties.
3. Binyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC). Breathes just the right amt making it ideal for pkging meats.
4. LDPE (low density polyethylene) offers clarity and flexibility. Used to make bottles that require flexibility. - grocery bags and garbage bags and coating for milk cartons.
5. PP (polypropylene) has high tensile strenth. High melting point, can be hot-fileld with products designed to cool in bottles
6. PS (polystyrene) - exceptional insulation properties - meat trays, egg cartons, coffee cups.