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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
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Replacement of the hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon with a hydrogen atom
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Generic purine.
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What is this molecule?
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Generic pyrimidine.
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What is this molecule?
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Adenine.
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What is this molecule?
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Cytosine.
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What is this molecule?
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Guanine.
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What is this molecule?
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Thymine.
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What is this molecule?
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Uracil.
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What is this molecule?
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What is the difference between thymine and uracil?
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Thymine has an extra methyl group in place of a hydrogen.
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Uracil.
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What is this molecule?
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What is an anomeric carbon?
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The anomeric carbon is the location of the glycosidic bond.
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How are carbons numbered in a nucleoside?
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The carbon and nitrogen participating in the glycosidic bond are both 1'.
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What is a generic description of all of the nitrogenous bases?
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Heterocyclic aromatic bases
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A nucleoside.
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What is this molecule?
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What is a nucleoside?
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A nitrogenous base bonded to a sugar.
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What are the names of the nucleosides?
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Cytodine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine.
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Phosphoester bond.
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What type of bond is this?
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How are phosphate groups labeled in a NTP?
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Phosphates are labeled using Greek letters beginning at the 5' end of the sugar.
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Pyrophosphate bond.
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What type of bond is this?
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What is ATP used for?
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General metabolism.
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What is GTP used for?
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Protein synthesis.
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What is CTP used for?
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Phospholipid biosynthesis.
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What is UTP used for?
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Carbohydrate biosynthesis.
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Phosphodiester bonds.
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What type of bonds are these?
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Linking sugars in a RNA or DNA backbone.
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Where would you find these types of bonds?
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In which direction are bases generally listed?
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5' to 3'.
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How many hydrogen bonds do adenine and thymine form?
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2
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How many bonds to cytosine and guanine form?
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3
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The minor groove.
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What is A called?
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The major groove.
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What is B called?
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35.7 A
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What is the measurement of the area marked "C" (full turn of DNA)?
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20 A
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What is the measurement of the area marked "D" (diameter of DNA)?
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What is the twist angle of DNA?
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34.3 degrees per turn.
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What is the number of base pairs per turn of a molecule of DNA?
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10.5 bp per turn
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What are the major forces stabilizing nucleic acid helices?
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Hydrophobic effects (non-polar bases forced to center, polar sugar-phosphates outward) and base stacking interactions (bases stacked at Van der Waals contact distance).
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What factors affect helix stability?
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Hydrophobic effects (base non-polar/backbone polar), base stacking (Van der Waals), hydrogen bonds (purine/pyrimidine), ionic interactions (cations shield neg. charged phosphate groups), sugar phosphate chain constraints (angles of backbone).
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