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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the parts/domains of ATP synthase |
F1 (matrix) F0 (membrane bound |
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Describe F1 structure |
in the matrix 3 alpha and 3 beta subunits form a ball structure -Gamma subunit runs up middle -Delta and epsilon connect domains Carries out catalytic synthesis of ATP (conformational changes in Beta subunits) |
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Describe F0 structure |
Membrane bound -a-subunit is where protons enter -protons bind to c-subunit (10-15) which forms a ring and is responsible for rotation -B,d, and H subunits form strator which holds things together and restricts roatation |
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Describe flow of electrons through ATP synthase |
Protons flow through the a-subunit of F0, and bind to c-subunit -conformational change occurs translating up to B-subunits of F1, causing ATP synthesis -protons then released from C into matrix |
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Explain Boyler's Binding Change mechanism |
Three Beta-subunits in different states (open, loose, or tight) -ADP + Pi bind to L state, -conformational change from gamma causing beta conformational change to tight state bringing substrates together -ATP forms -Changes to open state and ATP released |
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Describe reversing ATP synthase |
can use ATP hydrolysis to reverse flow of protons |
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explain how many Hydrogen you need per ATP |
3 through ATP synthase to make ATP, but 1 more needed to balance charges ATP (-4) leaves, and ADP (-3) and Pi (-2) enter, leaving a miss match, so bringing in one H+ equals this out |
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What is the P/O Ratio |
ATP's per oxygen, used to determine how many ATP per NADH/FADH2 |
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How many ATP per NADH |
2.5 |
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How many ATP per FADH2 |
1.5 |
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What is the exception to P/O ratio numbers |
NADH produced in cytosol (glycolysis) cannot enter ETC Uses a glycerophosphate shuttle to transfer electrons to FADH2, and only yields 1.5ATP |
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Describe the glycerophosphate shuttle |
NADH produced in cytosol (glycolysis) cannot enter ETC. Therefore passes electrons to DHAP (reduced), producing GAP. Which then reduced FAD to FADH2, which then goes into ETC |
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How much water is formed |
For every 1 ATP synthesized = 1 water + 1 water formed at the end of the ETC therefore 3.5/NADH and 2.5/FADH2 |
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Describe net ATP gain from 1 glucose |
2 ATP from Glycolysis 2 NADH from glycolysis (3 ATP) 2 NADH from PDC (5 ATP) 2 rounds of CAC = 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 GTP (20 ATP) 30 ATP total |
