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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus
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contains genetic material
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Nuclear Envelope
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lipid bilayer that encloses DNA
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Nucleolus
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non-membrane bound structure in nucleus composed of proteins and nucleic acids where rRNA is transcribed and assembled
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Nuclear Pore
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protein complexes that allow transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope
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Chromatin
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DNA, histone, and other proteins that make up chromosomes
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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translation and folding of new proteins
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Mitochondrion
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energy production
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Cell Membrane
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separates cell from external environment
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Golgi Apparatus
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sorting and modification of proteins
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Ribosome
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translation of RNA into proteins
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Cytoskeleton
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protein scaffolding in cytoplasm
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Cytosol
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liquid inside cells
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Glyoxysome
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specialized peroxisome in plants
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Peroxisome
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breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide
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Vesicle
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material transport
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Flagella
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locomotion
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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expression of lipids
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Cell Wall
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structural support and protection
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Chloroplast
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photosynthesis
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Microtubules
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structural component
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Vacuole
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storage
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Outer Membrane
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lipid portion acts as an endotoxin
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Cell Membrane
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separates cell from external environment
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Cilium
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locomotion
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Lysozome
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break up waste materials and cellular debris
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What's the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?
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Cytosol is the liquid inside the cell, but cytoplasm is everything within the cell excluding the nucleus.
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Is a ribosome an organelle?
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Ribosome is not an organelle because it's not membrane-bound.
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How does a prokaryote differ from a eukaryote?
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1. No nucleus - has nucleoid region
2. Has circular DNA 3. Conjugation, not mitosis/meiosis 4. Unicellular 5. Respiration on cellular membrane |
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What do plant cells use vacuoles for?
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to store nutrients
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central dogma
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transcription, translation, and replication
conversion between DNA, RNA, and proteins |
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macromolecules*
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large molecules (>10,000 daltons) usually composed of polymers of similar or identical parts (monomers or residues)
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protein*
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polymer of alpha-amino acids linked by a peptide [amide] bond
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carbohydrates*
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polyhydroxyl ketones or polyhydroxyl aldehydes and their derivatives
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lipids*
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biomolecules which are insoluble or slightly soluble in water and usually extractable by organic [nonpolar] solvents
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nucleic acids*
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biopolymers consisting of nitrogenous bases which are linked to ribose or deoxyribose linked by phosphodiester bonds
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rank the general size of bacterial, mammalian, and plant cells
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plant > mammalian > bacterial
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monovalent
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charge of +1/-1
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divalent
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charge of +2/-2
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