Bcd Anatomy Test 4

Front 1

the pharynx extends from ________ to the level of the ______________ of the larynx and esophagus

Back 1

the basilar portion of the occipital bone to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and the esophagus

Front 2

nasopharynx extends from the _______ to _______ and communicates anteriorly with ____________

Back 2

base of skull to soft palate; communicates anteriorly with posterior nasal aperture (choane)

Front 3

structures of the nasopharynx

Back 3

ostium of the auditory tube
choanae
torus tubarius
salpingopharyngeal fold
pharyngeal tonsisls
pharyngeal recess

Front 4

oropharynx extends from the _____ to _________, communicates anterior with ______ through the _________________

Back 4

soft palate to upper border of epiglottis; communicates with oral cavity through the arches of the palate

Front 5

the area where the oral cavity is continuous with oropharynx

Back 5

fauces

Front 6

arches of the palate

Back 6

palatoglossal arch (fold)
patatopharyngeal arch (fold)

Front 7

where the palatine tonsils are housed

Back 7

between the 2 arches of the palate

Front 8

2 soft tissues of the oropharynx

Back 8

soft palate and uvula

Front 9

laryngopharynx extends from ________ to _____ and communicates with this

Back 9

cranial border of epiglottis to esophagus (C4-C6)

communicates with larynx

Front 10

components of laryngopharynx

Back 10

- laryngeal inlet
- epiglottis
- piriform recesses
- vallecula

Front 11

4 layers of the pharynx

Back 11

- mucosa
- fibrous later (pharyngobasilar fascia)
- muscular layer
- areolar layer (buccopharyngeal fascia)

Front 12

where the pharyngobasilar fasica is visible

Back 12

in the gap between superior constrictor muscle and base of skull

Front 13

longitudinal (internal) muscles of the pharynx

Back 13

stylopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus

Front 14

contained in the areolar layer of the pharynx

Back 14

the pharyngeal plexus of nerves and veins

Front 15

blood supply to the pharynx

Back 15

- maxillary artery (pharyngeal branch)
- facial artery (ascending palatine and tonsillar arteries)
- lingual artery: dorsal branches
- ascending pharyngeal artery

Front 16

motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus:

salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus:

constrictor:

Back 16

CN IX

XI via X

XI via X and efferent autonomics

Front 17

sensory innervation to nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Back 17

primarily maxillary nerve V2

glossopharyngeal IX

vagus nerve X

Front 18

the gag reflex involves sensory fibers from ______ and ____ motor fibers

Back 18

CNIX sensory

XI via X motor fibers

Front 19

cough reflex is a contraction of these muscles

triggered by stiulation of nerves in these organs

Back 19

- laryngeal muscles, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

- larynx, trachea, larger bronchii (internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves)

Front 20

palatine tonsils located on sides of ____________ between ____________

Back 20

oropharynx

palatine arches/ pillars

Front 21

pharyngeal tonsils are located in __________ wall of nasopharynx

Back 21

posterior wall

Front 22

located on pharyngeal portion of tongue

located adjacent to each auditory tube

adenoids are what tonsils?

Back 22

lingual tonsils

tubal tonsils

pharyngeal and tubal tonsils

Front 23

features of the thryoid cartilage

Back 23

the largest
incomplete
has laryngeal prominence and thryoid notch

Front 24

characteristics of the cricoid cartilage

shaped like:

has a narrow ______ arch and a wider ______ plate

Back 24

shaped like a signet ring

has a narrow anterior arch and a wider posterior plate, or lamina

Front 25

connects laryngeal cartilages to external structures and ligaments

Back 25

extrinsic: thyrohyoid membrane

Front 26

connects laryngeal cartilages to each other

Back 26

cricothyroid ligament (intrinsic)

Front 27

where the ventricles of the supraglottic cavity are found

Back 27

laterally between vestibular and vocal folds

Front 28

3 components of the true vocal folds

Back 28

- vocal ligament
- vocalis muscle
- mucosal covering

Front 29

consists of the true vocal folds and the space between them

Back 29

glottis

Front 30

abductor of the larynx

Back 30

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Front 31

tensors of the larynx

Back 31

cricothyroid muscle

vocalis (minute adjustments for high tones)

Front 32

external laryngeal nerve gives _________ innervation to

Back 32

motor to cricothyroid muscle

Front 33

internal laryngeal nerve gives _______ innervation to:

Back 33

sensory to larynx above vocal folds

Front 34

the recurrent laryngeal nerve gives motor innervation to _________ and sensory to ___________

Back 34

all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

sensory to larynx below vocal folds

Front 35

terminal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Back 35

inferior laryngeal nerves

Front 36

blood supply to the larynx

Back 36

- superior laryngeal a. from superior thyroid a.

- inferior laryngeal a. from inferior thyroid a.

Front 37

2 emergency entries to airway

Back 37

1. cricothyrotomy
2. tracheostomy

Front 38

area of the larynx that is subject to edema and why?

Back 38

supraglottic area- the mucous membrane here is loose

Front 39

3 cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton

Back 39

1. thyroid
2. cricoid
3. epiglottic

Front 40

general structure of the nose (5)

Back 40

root, dorsum, nares, ala, columella

Front 41

bones/ cartilages that make up the nasal cavity

Back 41

nasal, forntal, maxillary bones

septal, lateral nasal and alar cartilages

Front 42

blood supply to exterior nose

Back 42

facial: lateral nasal and angular arteries

ophthalmic: dorsal nasal artery

Front 43

innervation to exterior nose

Back 43

infratrochlear and external nasal nerves (CN V1)

infraorbtial nerve (CN V2)

Front 44

the nasal cavity is divided into right and left nasal fossae by _______ with each opening anteriorly through the _______ and posteriorly through the ______.

Back 44

the nasal septum

nares

choane

Front 45

boundaries of the nasal cavity

roof
floor
median wall
lateral wall

Back 45

roof: cribriform plate of ethmoid + nasal, frontal, sphenoid bones

floor: hard palate (maxillary + palatine bones)

medial wall: cartilaginous nasal septum, vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid (nasal septum)

lateral wall: conchae and meatuses

Front 46

superior and middle concache are part of what bone(s)?

Back 46

ethmoid

inferior is its own bone

Front 47

the superior meatus is the opening of what

opening of sphenoid sinus

opening of naso lacrimal duct

middle meatus opening of what?

Back 47

sphenoethmoidal recess

inferior meatus

ethmoidal, maxillary and frontal sinuses

Front 48

structures of the middle meatus

Back 48

ethmoidal bulla
hiatus semilunaris

Front 49

blood supply to nasal cavity

Back 49

ophthalmic artery: anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid

maxillary artery: sphenopalatine

facial artery: superior labial

Front 50

venous drainage from nasal cavity via what veins

Back 50

ophthalmic v., facial v., pterygoid plexus

Front 51

innervation of the olfactory area of nose (superior 1/3)

Back 51

olfactory nerve CNI (specia sense

Front 52

innervation of the respiratory area of nose

nasal septum:
lateral wall:

Back 52

anterior ethmoid (V1 branch)

nasopalatine nerve (V2 branch)

lateral wall: later nasal nerves and anterior ethmoid nerve

Front 53

preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to nasal glands travel this pathway:

Back 53

CNVII via greater petrosal --> nerve of pterygoid canal --> pterygopalatine ganglion --> nasal branches (postganglionic)

Front 54

postganglionic sympathetic innervation to nose travels this pathway

Back 54

superior cervical ganglion --> deep petrosal nerve --> nerve of pteryagoid canal --> pterygopalatine ganglion (just passing through) --> nasal branches

Front 55

blood supply to nasal sinuses

Back 55

maxillary sinus: superior alveolar artery

rest: ethmoidal branches of ophthalmic artery

Front 56

frontal sinus empties via ____ duct into _____ meatus

Back 56

frontonasal duct into middle meatus

Front 57

opens into the superior meatus

Back 57

posterior ethmoidal sinuses

Front 58

innervation to the nasal cavities

max:
frontal:
ethmoid:
sphenoid:

Back 58

maxillary: superior alveolar n (V2)
frontal: frontal and nasociliary n (V1)
ethmoid: ethmidal n (V1), orbital and nasal n (V2)
sphenoid: posterior ethmoidal n (V1)

Front 59

important structures of the pterygopalatine fossa

Back 59

pterygopalatine ganglion, maxillary n(V2), and maxillary artery

Front 60

boundaries of pterygopalatine fossa
lateral wall
medial wall
anterior
posterior
roof
floor

Back 60

lateral wall: opens via pterygomaxillary fissure

medial wall: palatine bone

anterior: maxilla

posterior: pterygoid process of sphenoid

roof: greater wing of sphenoid

floor: opens via palatine canal

Front 61

communications of the pterygopalatine fossa

lateral
medial
anterior
posteriorly (3)
inferiorly

Back 61

lateral: ITF through pterygomaxillary fissure
medial: nasal cavity through sphenopalatine foramen
anterior: orbit through inferior orbital fissure
posterior: middle cranial fossa through foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal. Through pharyngeral canal (palatovaginal canal)
inferiorly: oral cavity through palatine canal

Front 62

branches of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery

Back 62

PSA a.,
infraorbital artery --> anterior and middle superior alveolar
descending palatine a. --> greater and lesser palatine
sphenopalatine artery,
pharyngeal a.,
artery of the pterygoid canal

Front 63

maxillary division of CNV

Back 63

- zygomatic nerve (zygomaticotemporal and zygomatical facial n)
- PSA nerve
- infraorbital nerve
- greater and lesser palatine nerves
- nasal nerve
- pharyngeal n

Front 64

the pterygopalatine ganglion is the site of synapse of parasympathetic fibers from facial nerve for innervation to these glands

Back 64

lacrimal,
nasal,
palatal,
pharyngeal glands

Front 65

pterygopalatine ganglion is located just inferior to:

Back 65

maxillary nerve

Front 66

course of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in PPF

Back 66

facial nerve (VII) --> greater petrosal nervethrough hiatus of the facial canal and along groove for greater petrosal n --> nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian nerve)

Front 67

course of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers in PPF

to lacrimal:

nasal:

palatal:

pharyngeal:

vasculature and mucosa:

Back 67

lacrimal: via maxillary n --> zygomatic n --> zygomaticotemporal (V2) --> lacrimal n (V1)

nasal: branches of V2 through sphenopalatine foramen

to palatal glands: branches of V2 through greater and lesser palatine nerves

to pharyngeal glands: V2 through pharyngeal canal

vasculature and mucosa: PSA, MSA, ASA (no parasymp to teeth)

Front 68

sympathetic postganglionic fibers come from _________ plexus to form the ________ nerve which joints the ________ nerve just superior to the ________ to become this nerve.

Back 68

internal carotid plexus to form the deep petrosal nerve which joins greater petrosal nerve just superior to foramen lacerum

--> becomes nerve of the pterygoid canal

Front 69

the hard palate is covered by __________ inferiorly and by ___________ superiorly

Back 69

mucoperiosteam inferiorly and mucosa of nasal cavity superiorly

Front 70

mucoperiosteaum presents these 3 things which aid in gripping food against the tongue

Back 70

median raphe, transverse palatine folds, rugae

Front 71

the soft palate is suspended from _________ of hard palate; laterally attached to :

Back 71

posterior edge
laterally attached to walls of pharynx

Front 72

anterior and posterior arches of the soft palate combine to form passageway between these 2 places

Back 72

latatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

passageway between the oral cavity and oropharynx

Front 73

framework of soft palate is formed by

Back 73

the aponeurotisis of tensor veli palatini muscle

Front 74

function of soft palate

Back 74

close of nasopharynx from oropharynx in speech and swallowing

Front 75

foramina of the hard palate

Back 75

insicive, greater and lesser palatine

Front 76

blood supply to the palate

Back 76

greater and lesser palatine arteries (from descending palatine branch of max artery),

ascending palatine artery (branch of facial) & sphenopalatine (branch of max)

Front 77

palatal muscles

Back 77

palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
musculus uvulae

Front 78

motor innervation to the palate and the exception

Back 78

all by CN XI via X except tensor veli palatini which is innervated by V3

Front 79

sensory innervation to the palate

Back 79

all branches of V2
greater palatine (most of hard palate)
lesser palatine (soft palate)
nasopalatine (small portion of anterior hard palate)

Front 80

palatine tonsil lies within the mucosa in the ________ sinus between ___________ and _________

Back 80

tonsillar sinus between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Front 81

blood supplly and innervation to the palatine tonsil

Back 81

tonsillar artery (facial branch)

tonsillar plexus formed by branch of glossopharyngeal

Front 82

submandibular region lies between these 2 things

Back 82

body of the mandible and the hyoid bone

Front 83

what triangles are included in the submandibular region

Back 83

submental and submandibular

Front 84

contents of the submandibular region

Back 84

submandibular and sublingual glands, suprahyoid muscles, submandibular ganglion, lingual/facial arteires, ligual/hypoglossal nerves

Front 85

3 parts of the tongue

attached to these 4 things

composed chiefly of _____ muscle; partly covered by _______

important in these 5 things

Back 85

tip, body, root.

attached to hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process and pharynx

composed of skeletal muscle/ partly covered by mucous membrane.

taste, mastication, swallowing, oral cleansing and speech

Front 86

the dorsum of the tongue is divided by the ____________ into anterior 2/3 (oral) and posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal) portions

apex of this structure

Back 86

sulcus terminalis

apex of sulcus terminalis is foramen cecum

Front 87

oral part of tongue attached to floor of mouth by:

dorsum of oral part has:

lingual tonsils are located on ______ portion

Back 87

lingual frenulum. median groove. pharyngeal portion of tongue

Front 88

types of papillae

Back 88

circumvallate (just anterior to sulcus terminalis), filiform, fungiform, foliate

Front 89

intrinsic muscles of the tongue are concerned primarily with the ________ of the tongue

arranged in these planes:

Back 89

shape of the tongue. longitudinal, transverse, vertical

Front 90

genioglossus m. arises from: and acts to:

Back 90

superior genial tubercle and acts to protrude and depress tongue

Front 91

hyoglossus muscle arises from: and acts to:

Back 91

body and greater horn of hyoid and acts to flatten and depress the tongue ((not considered a suprahyoid muscle))

Front 92

styloglossus m. arises from: and acts to:

Back 92

arises from the styloid process, acts to pull tongue backward and upward

Front 93

palatoglossus m. arises from: and acts to:

Back 93

arises from palatine aponeurosis of soft palate and acts to elevate the tongue toward the palate

Front 94

motor innervation to the tongue muscles and the exception

Back 94

hypoglossal nerve to all but one muscle of the tongue. palatoglossus is supplied by pharyngeal plexus (XI via X)

Front 95

general sensation to anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue

Back 95

anterior: lingual n...

posterior: glossopharyngeal n.

Front 96

special taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Back 96

anterior: chorda tympani// posterior: glossopharyngeal n.

Front 97

small area of mucosa of the tongue just _______ to epiglottis receives both general and special sensation via this branch of the vagus nerve

Back 97

anterior to epiglottis- internal laryngeal nerve

Front 98

parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to the serous glands of the tongue are carried with the (motor/sensory) nerves of the tongue. These postganglionic fibers originate in the __________ ganglion

Back 98

carried with sensory nerves of the tongue. originate in the submandibular ganglion

Front 99

blood vessels of the tongue

arteries/ veins- principle vein? where does it drain

Back 99

lingual artery.
- dorsal lingual, deep lingual and sublingual artery.

lingual veins- 2 accompany the lingual artery. deep lingual vein is principle --> drains into the internal jugular vein

Front 100

4 routes lymph drains from the tongue

tip:
lateral ant 2/3
medial ant 2/3
posterior 1/3
(some drainage to opposite side)

Back 100

1. tip of tongue--> submental nodes
2. lateral anterior 2/3 --> submandibular nodes
3. medial anterior 2/3 --> directly to inferior deep cervical nodes
4. posterior 1/3 --> directly to superior deep cervical nodes

Front 101

superficial part of submandibular gland is located in ________________.

deep part located between these two muscles ____________ & _________.

both parts joined along posterior edge of this muscle:

submandibular duct extends from deep part _________ to ___________ papilla

Back 101

submandibular triange// deep between mylohyoid and hyoglossal muscles/// joined along the posterior edge of the mylohyoid m. ///extends from deep part anteriorly to sublingual papilla (caruncle)

Front 102

sublingual gland is located within ______ fold, ______ to the mylohyoid; lies between ________ and _______ muscle.///

has _________ ducts which open separately into oral cavity on ___________ fold. some may unite and open into __________ duct

Back 102

sublingual fold, superior to mylohyoid, between mandible and genioglossus muscle.//

10-30 ducts. on sublingual fold. some may unite open into the submandibular duct

Front 103

submandibular and sublingual glands receive parasympathetic & secretomotor fibers from this ganglion: post ganglionic fibers reach the glands by joining this nerve________ sympathetic comes from

Back 103

submandibular ganglion. postganglionic hitch hike on lingual n.. superior cervical ganglion

Front 104

vascular supply to sublingual and submandibular glands

Back 104

adjacent branches of facial and lingual arteries

Front 105

lingual nerve passes through TIF then across __________ muscle to reach _______ surface of _______ muscle.

crosses submandibular duct these 3 directions:

ascends ________ to duct on surface of this muscle then breaks up into terminal branches.


joined by _______ in ITF

Back 105

styloglossus mucle to reach lateral surface of hyoglossus.

first laterally, inferiorly, medially.

ascends medially to duct on surface of genioglossus m.

chorda tympani

Front 106

hypoglossal nerve lies of this muscle, inferior to these two things.

goes deep to _________ to reach rest of tongue muscles

Back 106

lies of hyoglossus, inferior to submandibular duct and lingual nerve

sublingual gland

Front 107

ganglion for parasympathetic secretomotor innervation of submandibular/sublingual glands as well as minor salivary glands. located on ________ muscle suspended from ________ nerve

Back 107

submandibular ganglion. on hyoglossus muscle suspended from lingual nerve (CNV3)

Front 108

course of parasmapthetic fibers of submandibular ganglion to submandibular: to sublingual

Back 108

pre- chorda tympani (CNVII)
post: submandibular gland by direct glandular branches and to sublingual by joining the lingual nerve

Front 109

portions of the submandibular ganglion may be found within:

Back 109

the submandibular gland

Front 110

lingual artery arises from ________ artery at level of __________. passes deep to _______ muscle. 3 major branches:

Back 110

external carotid at hyoid bone. hyoglossus muscle.
Dorsal lingual, sublingual, and deep lingual arteries

Front 111

dorsal lingual a. supplies:
sublingual a supplies:

deep lingual a. supplies:

Back 111

base of the tongue, the anterior floor of the mouth, anterior portion of the tongue

Front 112

facial artery arises from _______ just above _______

passes through ________ before crossing the mandible to reach the face. major branches in submandibular region:

Back 112

external carotid just above lingual a. passes through submandibular gland.

glandular and submental branches major

Front 113

all veins on one side of tongue form ______ vein which drains into either of these 2 veins

Back 113

lingual vein drains into --> facial or internal jugular vein

Front 114

the retromolar fossa is bound medially and laterally by:. at the apex, posteriorly, attaches the:

Back 114

crests of the postmolar alveolar process

attaches to pterygomandibular raphe

Front 115

defines the anterior boundary of the oropharynx

Back 115

pterygomandibular raphe and palatoglossus muscle

Front 116

retromolar region boundaries- lateral: posterior: medial: inferior:

Back 116

lateral: buccinator m.,
posterior: superior constrictor m. even deeper is medial pterygoidm
medial: palatoglossal arch,
inferior: styloglossus muscle, lingual nerve and submandibular gland

Front 117

the external auditory meatus is a canal bounded _________ by the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Back 117

medially

Front 118

tympanic membrane faces slightly:

composed of these two laters and what is in between them?

Back 118

inferiorly and posteriorly

2 epithelial layers (skin externally/ mucosa internally) w/ fibrous tissue in between

Front 119

external tympanic membrane is innervated by:

external meatus is innervated by these three things:

internal tympanic membrane and middle ear mucosa innervated by:

Back 119

auriculotemporal

auriculotemporal, facial, and vagus

glossopharyngeal

Front 120

boundaries of the tympanic cavity

roof

floor

anterior (carotid) wall

posterior wall

lateral wall

medial wall

Back 120

roof: tegmen tympani (in middle cranial fossa)

floor: jugular wall

anterior: opening of auditory tube, tensor tympani, internal carotid artery

posterior wall: aditus to mastoid air cells, stapedius m., facial canal

lateral wall: tympanic membrane

medial wall: oval window (fenestra vestibuli), round iwndow (fenestra chochleae), and promontory (site of the tympanic plexus)

Front 121

contents of tympanic cavity

Back 121

ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes

muscles: tensor tympani, stapedius

chorda tympani

Front 122

tensor tympani is attached to:
innervated by:

stapes is attached to:
innervated by:

Back 122

malleus, CNV3

attached to stapes, innervated by CNVII

Front 123

chorda tympani runs across ___________ and _______ to the malleus

Back 123

tympanic membrane and medial to the malleus

Front 124

the cochlea is _______, responsible for _______, _______ window opens from it

Back 124

anterior, responsible for audition, round window opens from it

Front 125

the semicircular canals are _______ to vestibule, responsible for _________

Back 125

posterior to vestibule, responsible for balance

Front 126

vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII) branches

Back 126

cochlear n. (hearing) and vestibular n. (equilibrium)

Front 127

facial nerve branches in the ear

Back 127

- geniculate ganglion
- greater petrosal n.
- nerve to stapedius
- chorda tympani

Front 128

clinical correlates for the ear

Back 128

middle ear infection (otitis media), fractures of meatus, TMJ disease, referred sensation involving V3, IX, or X

Front 129

parasympathetics for the ciliary (III) ganglion arise from this nucleus:

for the submandibular (VII) ganglion arise from:

for the pterygopalatine (VII) ganglion arise from:

for the otic ganglion (IX) arise from:

Back 129

edinger-westphal

superior salivatory nucleus

lacrimal

inferior salivatory nucleus

Front 130

innervation to the tympanic cavity

Back 130

glossopharyngeal n (IX)

tympanic plexus (CN IX and sympathetics)

Front 131

blood supply to tympanic cavity

Back 131

maxillary a (anterior tympanic branches)

Front 132

malleus is attached to this:

Back 132

tympanic membrane (umbo)