Bc History

Front 1

Coastal and Interior Regions

Back 1

Coastal sedentary, stratified, affluent

- Plentiful resources (sea & forest)

- Highly stratified, matrilineal

- Potlatch (gift giving ceremony to mark event)

- Large populations 100,000+

Interior mobile, loose social organization.

- Subarctic: Migratory, hunting, fishing.

- Interior plateau: Mild, salmon, winter villages

- 30,000-50,000 population

Hint 1

Coast- stratified

Interior- Loose

Front 2

Potlatch

Back 2

Coastal gift giving ceremony to mark a key event. To show status, distribute wealth.

Front 3

Hudson Bay Company

Back 3

Functioned as government in parts of North America before Eauopean states and U.S. lade claim to some of those territories. Owned Rupert's Land- 15% of NA's acreage. Controlled fur trade for several centuries. In late 19th century, it signed it's territory over to the Dominion of Canada, in which the company was the largest private landowner.

Front 4

Oregon Treaty

Back 4

1846. Border at 49th parallel established, excluding Vancouver Island.

Front 5

Maritime Trade

Back 5

Boats travelling along coast and stopping at trading posts.

Front 6

Land-Based Trade

Back 6

Merged with Northwest Co 1821. Began building forts in 1840's.

Front 7

James Cook

Back 7

Explorer, cartographer. First person to accurately map Newfoundland.

Front 8

Colonialism

Back 8

Establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colony in one territory by a political power in another territory. In this case, British/Aboriginal Canadians.

Front 9

"Vastness, Diversity, and Isolation"

Back 9

BC- lots of territory, diverse geography, leading to different industries, lifestyles and a sense of isolation between regions.

Front 10

Smallpox Epidemic

Back 10

1862-1863. Killed 20,000 people. Mostly Aboriginal

Front 11

Confederation

Back 11

1867 Canada gains independence, no longer a dominion of Britain.. As part of Canada, BC has greater commercial and strategic value to the British world system. 1871 for B.C.

Front 12

Indian Reserve Commission

Back 12

1876 To determine Indian reserves in BC. Without consent.

Front 13

James Douglas

Back 13

Chief factor of HBC and governor of colonies (island and mainland). Tried to extinguish land title rights. Announced gold rush/ encouraged newcomers.

Front 14

Barkerville

Back 14

Main town for activity during gold rush. Violent, lots of men, chinese/white split.

Front 15

Fraser River War

Back 15

1858. Two dozen plus miners killed over disputes between miners and salmon fisheries on the Fraser and Thompson Rivers with Aboriginals. Vengeful miners killed more Native people. Gov. Douglas forcefully imposed cologial gov't in 1858 to stop the threat of war

Front 16

CPR

Back 16

1885- Last Spike.

Ended physical isolation from rest of Canada. Still psychological differences. Travel, trade, economy, politics

Front 17

Richard McBride

Back 17

1903-1915- longest term as Premier in this period.Lawyer turned premier of BC. Conservative. Reduced gov't spending, refused further aid to railways, raised taxes of rail and mining companies. Against suffrage. Built roads. UBC. High schools.

Front 18

Head tax

Back 18

$50- 1885

$500- 1904

Front 19

Chinese Immigration Act

Back 19

1923. Stopped Chinese Immigration entirely.

Front 20

Doukhobors

Back 20

Christian pacifists, farmers, russian descent, peter verigin, sons of freedom.

Front 21

Japanese Fisherman's Benevolent Society

Back 21

Acted like a union, set fair prices for fish. Provided refuge from anti-asian attitudes.

Front 22

Indian Affairs (McKenna-McBride Commission)

Back 22

The McKenna-McBride Royal Commission was established in 1913 in order to gather evidence and make recommendations that might resolve the disputes between Canada (the Dominion) and British Columbia (the Province) over aboriginal lands. Commissioners traveled around B.C. gathering testimony on issues of lan

Front 23

T.D. Pattullo

Back 23

Liberal. "Socialized capitalism"- bridge between the two. Reform program w/ more socialist element

Front 24

Women's Suffrage Campaign

Back 24

1917- right to vote in BC. 1918- first elected MLA: Mary Ellen Smith

Front 25

Red Scare

Back 25

Labour action feared (communist uprising)

Front 26

Cooperative Commonwealth Federation

Back 26

Social democracy. Opposition to Patullo's Liberals

Front 27

Peter Verigin

Back 27

Doukhobor preacher. Died in mysterious CPR train explosion.

Front 28

Rowell Sirois Commission

Back 28

Terms of confederation should be revised. BC wrote to ask for better terms. Tax revenues were a big issue. During depression. 1929-1939.

Front 29

Unwanted Soldiers

Back 29

Chinese Canadians reluctantly sent on secret mission during WW1

Front 30

International Woodworkers of America

Back 30

Western Canada's largest union 1930's

Front 31

Sons of Freedom

Back 31

Doukhobor, protesters, nude parades, children going to public schools

Front 32

WAC Bennett Dam

Back 32

1952-1972 Bennett as Premier. Wanted to move control of resources away from fed gov't. U.S. depended on the dam which meant $ for BC. Peace River, Northern BC. Project caused environmental damage and flooding.

Front 33

Social Credit Party

Back 33

Bennett ran for Socred 1952. Elected as Premier. Socreds gained majority 1953-1969. Lots of Provincial development. BC workers had highest per capita incomes in Canada. Built highways. Expropriation of BC Electric. Created BC Ferry Corp.

Front 34

Baby boom

Back 34

Started 1941. Welfare state. After WW2 Boom of population growth and prosperity. 1960's first baby boomers reaching college age. Bennett decided to build SFU, expand programs around the province. Sometimes job seekers outnumbered the jobs because of the boom.

Front 35

Japanese Internment

Back 35

1941-1949. Japanese Canadians forced into internment camps following the attack on Pearl Harbour. In 1949, they gained the right to vote.

Front 36

United Fishermen and Allied Worker's Union

Back 36

Est. 1945. Militant white fishermen. Addresed wages, prices, working conditions. Also advocated salmon conservation.

Front 37

Coalition Gov't

Back 37

1941-1951. Liberal and Conservatives joined to keep the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation from gaining power

Front 38

Social democracy

Back 38

Socialist tendencies within the structure of Capitalism. Part of NDP platform. 1972-75.

Front 39

Socred Restraint Program

Back 39

- Labour policy- max 5% inc. wages

- Freeze salaries

- Cut spending on education/HC

Front 40

Operation Solidarity

Back 40

Acted as opposition. Gov't employeers union created.

Front 41

Neo-Conservative

Back 41

Socred. Cut spending on education/HC.

Front 42

Charlottetown Accord

Back 42

Proposed amendments to Canadian Constitution. Mike Harcourt (NDP) leader dealt w/ national referendum on the accord. Irritated the public, took up time and kept Harcourt from addressing prov. issues.

Front 43

1969 White Paper

Back 43

Trudeau & Cretien tried to abolish the Indian Act. FN did not approve because they wanted title issues addressed. So it was dropped in 71.

Front 44

Frank Calder

Back 44

First Indigenous MLA. Established that Aboriginal Title exists

Front 45

Delgamuuk'w

Back 45

Sued BC in 1987. 1997 court affirmed Aboriginal title and validity of oral evidence

Front 46

Women Against The Budget

Back 46

??? Needs work

Front 47

How did British Columbia look before the arrival of Europeans? What were the key changes that occurred after European intrusion?

Back 47

Before: Interior/Coastal. 200k population

After: Came looking for trading partners and knowledge (enlightenment era). Fur trade = dominant economy of 1st half of 19th cenury. More exotic goods @ potlatch. Maritime and land based trade.

Front 48

Describe the major economic, social, and political changes that accompanied and followed the discovery of gold in British Columbia. How did the discovery of gold alter the historical trajectory of BC?

Back 48

ECONOMIC not a stable industry. California miners came.

SOCIAL violence b/t FN and Newcomers. Chinese died doing dangerous work. Lots of men, lack of laws, bar brawls, miners stole from FN food stores w/ no gov't recourse. FN Reserves mapped out. Gov't tried to ban the potlatch.

POLITICAL Gov James Douglas imposed colonial gov't in 1858. Amor de Cosmos- reformer for responsible gov't. Tsilqot'in Waer

Front 49

Describe the impacts of the Great War and the Great Depression on British Columbia. How did British Columbians respond to these events?

Back 49

WW1- xenophobia towards German Canadians. Some Germans lost jobs, sent to internment camps.

Boom and bust: high demand for wheat during war. Larrge profits for war resources-- Demand for higher wages. Returning soldiers needed work.

Great depression hit BC hard because of reliance on resources for economy. Tarriffs raised around the world, less trade. Gov revenues, employment went down. Relief camps- live/eat if unemployed.

Front 50

Analyze the consequences of postwar prosperity and economic growth in BC. Why and how did the economy of BC grow so rapidly in this period? What were the impacts of this growth on society? On the whole, were these impacts positive or negative?

Back 50

NEGATIVE unstable growth (short term gain/ long term pain

Unequal sharing in prosperity

Foreign ownership

POSITIVE High demant for labour, high incomes, population growth increased demand. Minorities made gains. Growing sense of collective identity.

Front 51

Describe the major political reforms of the last third of the twentieth century. How did social democracy, neo-conservativism, and aboriginal land claims each impact British Columbian society and shape public debate?

Back 51

SOCIAL DEMOCRACY: mincome, pharmacare for seniors, education, housing employment, min. wage.

NEO CONSERVATIVISM

ABORIGINAL LAND CLAIMS: Treaty process established. FN able to open claims. BC Treaty Commission helps treaty process. Oral history taken as evidence. Longest fight post European Arrival b/t BC, Canada, FN was over land claims. White Paper unsettled etc.