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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phineas Gage
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Steal bar thru head, prefrontal cortex damage-->no loss in basic reasoning ability, but huge loss in moral behavior
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Antonio Damasio
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"Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain"
studied cases of brain damage, diagnostic tests |
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Moral Judgement stages
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Preconventional (childhood)
stage1:obedience/punishment stage2:individualization and exchange Conventional Leven (adolescent) stage3:interpersonal accord and conformity stage4:social accord and system maintenance Postconventional(adulthood) stage5:social contract,utility, individual rights stage6:universal principles |
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somatic-marker hypothesis
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thoughts about bad outcomes from a possible response (moral decision) normally trigger emotional/ bodily/ somatic reactions.
somatic reactions draw attention to (mark) negative outcomes to which a given action may lead. |
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Ethical principles
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Beneficence= doing good
Autonomy= self-rule, choose own fate; responsibility justice= fairness, consistent behavior |
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Paternalism
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"Father" knows best.
Values benefience over autonomy. authoritarian |
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Libertarianism
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Values autonomy (free choice)over benefience.
"its your funeral" |
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Rational Argument
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-proceeds step by step
-will fail if not and if inconsistent or contridictory claims |
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Intuition
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Can be a starting point or ending point
No guarentee it is right. Argument and intuition regulate each other. |
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Fallacies
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=sloppy thinking
-Slippery slop -Analogy -Persuader words -Emotive language -Non sequitur -Black and white thinking |
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Slipper slope
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Not conclusive or compelling
doesnt allow analysis if you take step1, no stopping |
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Argument by analogy
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Make sure points of comparison fit well
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Persuader words
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"Clearly", surely, obviously
Used for rhetorical effect, not arguments Dont prove anything |
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Emotive language
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"capital punishment= murder"
Word choice not an argument, just an attitude. Attention getting tool, can be manipulative |
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Non Sequitur
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=Statement that does not follow logically from its premises.
"Therefore no one country has better values" Could be true, but not an argument. |
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Black and white thinking
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Talking about extreme positions, when there are important intermediate positions.
"if you are not for us, you are against us" False dichotomy:either all for alcohol or all for health |
