Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the causative agent of 5th disease? What are two other terms for 5th disease?
|
Parvovirus B19
Erythema Infectiosum, Slapped Cheek Disease |
|
Compare chickenpox and smallpox in terms of the synchrony/asynchrony between lesional evolution?
|
chickenpox - asynchrony
smallpox - synchrony |
|
What virus causes measles? German measles?
|
measles - rubeolla
German measles - rubella |
|
What type of coxsackie virus is associated with myocarditis? with hand-foot-mouth disease?
|
myocarditis - coxsackie B
hand-foot-mouth - coxsackie A |
|
What type of disease or disorder does rotavirus cause? To what family does rotavirus belong?
|
diarrhea
reoviridae = dsDNA |
|
What 4 classes of antibiotics work to inhibit translation in bacteria?
|
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol/Clindamycin
|
|
What similiarity do methotrexate, trimethoprim, and pyrimethamine have in common in terms of their MOA?
|
all inhibit DNA replication and can inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (folate--> tetrafolate--> nucleic acids)
|
|
What is the general MOA of rifampin and what disease is it classically used to treat?
|
binds DNA dependent transynthase and inhibits transcription
treats TB and mycobacterium |
|
At what level does the spinal cord end in most people?
|
L1-2
|
|
Why is the lower spine particularly most susceptible to herniated IV discs?
|
because PLL(posterior longitudinal ligament) begins to narrow in the lumbar spine and at L4-5 it is half as wide
also increased vertical force |
|
What muscle is the primary flexor of the hip?
|
iliopsoas
|
|
How does a pathologically small Ferguson's angle affect the curvature of the lumbar spine?
|
strains it, flat spine
|
|
If a patient is suffering from a herniated L3 IVD, what nerve root will be affected?
|
L4
|
|
What are the major types of spina bifida and what does each represent in terms of contents herniated?
|
spina bifida occulta - no hernation of spinal contents
spina bifida meningocele - herniation of meninges through defect spina bifida meningomyocele - herniation of meninges and nerve roos through defect rachischsis - completely open |
|
What is the term for anterior displacement of one vertebrae with respect to the one inferior to it?
|
spondylolithesis
|
|
In what dermatome doe sthe umbilicus lie?
|
T10
|
|
What is the vector for hantavirus? What body is most affected by a hantavirus infection?
|
deer mouse
respiratory system |
|
What is the causative agent of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?
|
rubeolla
|
|
Name 4 types of prion disease.
|
Crutzfelt Jakob Disease
Variant CJD Kuru Scarpie |
|
What is the generic term for HIV (or any virus) when it integrates itself into the host cell's genoma?
|
provirus
|
|
What HIV glycoprotein mediated HIV binding to the CD4 receptor? What HIV glycoprotein mediates HIV fusion into the cell?
|
gp 120 - mediates binding
gp 41 - mediates fusion |
|
Is cryptococcus a yeast or mold?
|
yeast
|
|
If a tissue specifment of an infected area reveals, microscopically, cigar shaped budding yeast, what is the most likely causative agent of that infection?
|
sporothrix schenckii
|
|
If a slide made from a vaginal swab is examined and germ tubes and pseudohyphae are noticed, what is the most likely causative agent of that infection?
|
candidiasis
|
|
List the different stages of Plasmodial development from the time it is "injected" into the body by the mosquito to the time it is drawn out by another blood-sucking mosquito?
|
injected as a sporozite, merozoite in liver and infects RBC trophoziote when replicating in RBC and gametocyte when mosquito sucks it out of you
|
|
What species of Plasmodium is the most severe and life-threatening?
|
Plasmodium falciparum
|
|
What is the causative agent of Kala-Azar? What is another name for this disease (colloquially)?
|
Leishmania Donovoni - black sickness
|
|
What is the vector and causative agent of Chagas disease?
|
Trypanosoma cruzi
kissing bug - vector |
|
What is the DOC for infections with entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Trichomonas?
|
metronidazole
|
|
Compare Schistosoma mansoni, Sch. japonicum, and sch. hematobium in terms of location of the veins in which they eventually settle.
|
mansoni - colon
japonicum - small intestine hematobium - bladder |
|
What is the generic term for cestodes?
|
tapeworm
|
|
What type of nematode classically causes perianal pruritis, especially at night?
|
enterobius vermicularis aka pinworm
|
|
If the Km of an enzyme is high, what is the affinity for that substrate?
|
low
|
|
By what two amino acids does trypsin cleave? Does it cleave at the carboxy- or amino- side of those amino acids?
|
carboxyl side of arginine (except when followed by proline) or lysine
|
|
What amino acid is the source for GABA?
|
glutamate
|
|
What is the basic molecular "type" (type of macromolecule) that comprises all exotoxins?
|
proteins (macromolecules = proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic acids)
|
|
What PAS character do the mucosal macrophages of Whipple's disease patients have?
|
+ it stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides
|
|
Why is Takayasu disease called the "pulseless disease"?
|
it has weak UE pulses because of the granulomas that are in the aortic arch and prevents elastic recoil
|
|
Of E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, which ones are motile?
|
E. coli and salmonella
|
|
What antibody crosses the placenta?
|
IgG
|
|
What is the MOA for killing of Plasmodium by chloroquine? by primaquine?
|
by making heme into toxins, lyses and alkalinizes their food vacuoles, inhibiting their DNA synthesis
killing the gametocyte primaquine kills and prevents gametocyte formation |
|
What type of Staph species is most associated with UTIs?
|
Staph saprophyticus
|
|
What stain is used to microscopically visualize Cryptococcus?
|
India Ink
|
|
What enzyme does methotrexate inhibit? What effect does this have molecularly, in terms of what major product can no longer be produced?
|
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - nucleic acids no longer prod DNA
|
|
What is the DOC for leishmaniasis?
|
for cutaneous- sodium stibogluconate (only ava IV)
mucosal or systemic- Amp B |
|
What are the common contaminating agents/sources that frequently serve to contaminate bodies of water with Leptospira interrogans?
|
dog, cat, rat, mouse urine
|
|
With what HLA-type is psoriatic arthritis associated? What other major disease that we have discussed are also associated with this HLA type?
|
Class II HLA-B27
ankylsoing spondylitis Reiter's Syndrome/reactive arthritis |
|
What is the number one cause for amenorrhea?
|
pregnancy
|
|
Is Prader-Willi due to maternal or paternal deletion of 15q-11-13 chromosome?
|
paternal deletion
|
|
The Pentose Phosphate shunt. What is it and what is the pathway?
|
needed to make NADPH in order to get rid of free radicals. it is the only means by which rbc's can rid free radicals
G6P---(G6PD)--> NADPH + H ----(+GSSH/FAD and Glutathione Reductase--> Glutathione ---(+H2O2/ Glut peroxidase/selinium)-->2 h2o |