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269 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antidote to acetominophen?
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NAC
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antidote to opioids?
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naloxone
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antidote to methanol
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ethanol
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antidote to ethylene glycol
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ethanol
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antidote to anticholinergics
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physostigmine
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antidote to benzodiazepines
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flumazenil
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antidote to beta blocker
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calcium and glucagon
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antidote to carbon monoxide
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oxygen
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antidote to digoxin
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anti- digoxin FAB
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antidote to warfarin
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vit K
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antidote to heparin
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protamine
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antidote to iron
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deferoxamine (chelating agent)
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antidote to cyanide
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amyl nitrate
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antidote to lead
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EDTA
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what are the sx to anticholinergic overdose?
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dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, blind as a bat, hot as a hare
Anhidrosis delerium mydriasis fever |
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antidote to heparin
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protamine
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antidote to iron
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deferoxamine (chelating agent)
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antidote to cyanide
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amyl nitrate
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antidote to lead
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EDTA
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what are the sx to anticholinergic overdose?
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dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, blind as a bat, hot as a hare
Anhidrosis delerium mydriasis fever |
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sx for someone who has overdosed on opioids
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MORPHINE
miosis (constricted pupil), out of it, resp distress, pneumonia, hyotension, infrequency, nausea, emesis (vomit) |
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antidote to organophosphates
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atropine or pralidoxime (2-PAM)
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what is the MOA of organophosphatases?
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inhibit ACHesterase
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how do peni and cephlasporins work?
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inhibit syn of the bacterial cell wall.
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what kind of organisms are deystroyed by AG?
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Gram - aerobes only!!!
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how do AG work?
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inhibit the initiation of translocation so it cannot make RNA thus it stops protein syn.
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what is the Drug of choice for MRSA?
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vanc
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how do quinolones function?
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inhibit topoisomerase so stop DNA syn.
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when are quinolones contraindicated?
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in someone less then 16 or in the elders (achellies rupture; tendenitis)
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quinolones can lead to an increase in QT interval so do not give to someone with long QT syndrome or if on another med that can also cause a prolonged QT
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blank
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how does cholamphenicol work?
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inhibits peptidy transferase so it stops protein syn.
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what are the common AE for tetracyclines?
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deposits in teeth. black hairy tongue, deposits in joints.
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who should tetracyclines not be given to?
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kids
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what is the MOA for sulfonamides?
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inhibit folate sym
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what is the drug of choice for UTI?
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nitrofurantoin
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what are 2 drugs used for osteomyolitis?
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nafcillin or oxacillin
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drug of choice for encephalitis?
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acyclovir
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drug of choice for miningitis for someone in close contact with H. influenzae?
what about N. miningitidis? |
rifampin
rifampin |
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drug of choice for otitis externa
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ofloxacin drops
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drug of choice for ottitis media
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amoxicllin
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drug of choice for conjunctivitis via virus?
via bacteria? |
Viral- nothing
bact- FQ by drops. |
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drug of choice for for conjunctivitis in a neonate? (presents in 1-4 days)
presents in 3-10 days? |
IV ceftriaxone (causes is probably N. Gonorrhea)
PO erythromycin (treats T. Trachomitis) |
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diarrhea in a patient with post ABX use?
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metronidazole (treat for C. difficile)
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diarrhea with post travel exposure?
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FQ
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prophylaxis for diarrhea prior to travel exposure?
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FQ
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drug of choice for anthrax (post exposure)
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ciprofloxacin
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drug of choice for UTI
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TMP-SMX
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drug of choice for animal or human bite?
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augmentin
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drug of choice for chlamidyia?
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doxycycline or Azithromycin
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what AB is produced in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
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Anti-RBC
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what are 2 types of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
which is worse/why? |
warm and cold
warm because this means the ABs activate in warmer place, those such places are in the core (vital organs). can lead to major problems. |
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what is the triad for Warm AB's?
what is the triad for Cold ABs? |
warm- spenomegaly, inc MCHC, servere anemia
cold- raynauds, acrocyanosis, anemia |
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what is MCHC?
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ratio of Hgb to red blood cell mass
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what AB is produced in bullous pemohigoid?
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anti-epitheial basement membrane
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what is the triad for Bullous pemphigoid?
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elderly, bullae, pruritis (itch)
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where do AB deposit in bullous pemohigoid?
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epithelial basement membrane. this activates complement and you get and acute response so you get fluid filled vessicles called bullae
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what AB is produced in type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
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anti-islet cells
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what is the triad associated with IDDM
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hyperglycemia, CKA, infection
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what type of diabetic is the only one to get DKA?
why? |
IDDA (1) bc they do not prod insulin. insulin is needed to inhibit hormone sensitive lipase which leads to production of Ketone bodies. accumulation of ketone bodies leads to ketoacidosis
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why would someone with IDDM get an increase in infections?
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they are prone to atheroscloerosis which leads to dec in blood to the periphery. since less blood you get less WBC and thus a decrease in the ability to fight infection
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why do you always check a diabetics foot?
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they have a higher pain threshold so they might not know there is an infection or wound
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what AB is produced in pemphigus?
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anti-keritinocyte junctions
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what is the triad with pemphigus?
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middle age, nikoleys sign, skin/oral lesion
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what is the pathophys of pemphigus
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ABs attack the tight junctions of keritinocytes. this leads to destruction of them via activation of MAC. an acute inflam response occurs so you get the blister
a positive nikoleys sign is sloffing off of skin with a light touch. this is due to loss of tight junctions. |
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what AB is produced in pernicious anemia?
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anti-IF and parietal cells.
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what is the triad associated with pernicious anemia?
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gastritis (type A), B12 def, anemia
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what is the normal function of parietal cells?
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prod HCl and IF
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what type of anemia occurs with B12 def?
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megaloblastic
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where in the stomach are parietal cells found?
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fundus
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what kind of spinous processes do C3-C6 have?
C7? |
bifid
vertebral prominance |
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what is the name of C1?
C2? |
atlas
axis |
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what are the 2 types of facet joints that cervical vertebrae have?
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joint of lushka
zygopophyseal joints |
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what is the alar lig?
transverse lig crucifrom lig? |
dens to the foramen magnum
C1 lateral masses and holds the dens forward transverse lig, sup band (Transverse to occiput), and inf band (transverse to the body of C2) |
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what are the 2 ligs that run the length of the spine?
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ant and pos longitudinal lig
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what longitudinal lig keeps the nucleous pulposus from herniating straight back?
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post longitudinal lig
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what does the ant and mid scalenes attach to?
pos scalene? |
1st rib
2nd rib |
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what makes nerve roots of the cervical vertebrae diff from that of the throacic?
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cervical nerve roots exit above the vertebral seg they are named for.
thoracic nerve roots exit below the vertebral body they are named for |
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Vertebral bodies set on top of the disk with the same number.
vertebrae T1 is setting on disk T1 (the body sets on its throne) |
blank
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where do fryette principles hold true?
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lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
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where does the brachial plexus originate?
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C5-T1
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what is the primary motion of C1?
C2? upper cervical? lower cervical? |
F/E
rot rot SB |
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What is the association of R and SB for:
C1? C2? upper cervical? lower cervical? |
opposite
opposite same same |
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how do you evaluate C0?
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translation in N/F/E
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in what direction is SB if you translate right?
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left
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how do you evaluate the AA?
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flex neck to 45 degress to lock out C2-C7 and rotate to each side.
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what is the AB in progressive systemic sclerosis?
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anti-SCL 70
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what is the triad for PSS?
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visceral sclerosis, fascial tightening, scerodactyl
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what is the AB in sjoirgens syndrome?
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Anti-Ro and La (SSa and SSb)
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what is the triad in sjorgens syndrome?
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xerastomia, keratoconjuntivitis kerra, and arthritis
(dry mouth and eyes) |
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what is the AB in ITP?
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anti-structural platlets
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what is the triad in ITP?
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thrombocytopenia, purpura or petechiae, and mucousal bleeding
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what is the AB in vitiligo?
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anti-melanocytes
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what is the triad with vitiligo?
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hypopigmentation, white hair, increase risk of sunburn
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what are the AB for SLE?
Screen? Confirm? |
anti-ANA
Anti-ds DNA |
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what is the triad for SLE?
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malar rash, arthritis, and lupus nepropathy
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what is the AB for drug indiced lupus?
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anti-histone
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what is the triad for drug induced lupus?
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arthralgia, fever, seroritis
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what are the 2 most common drugs to induce drug indiced lupus?
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hydralazine and procanamide
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what is the AB for CREST?
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anti-centromeres
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what does CREST stand for?
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calcinosis, raynauds, esophogeal dysmotility, sclerodactylyl, telangectasia
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which is worse, PSS or CREST?
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PSS
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is someone has esophogeal dysmitiliy with:
solids only liquids and solids only CREST what is the problem |
anatomical obstruction
neuro-muscular problem neuro-muscular problem |
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what is the AB in Myesthania Gravis (MG)
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anti-ACH receptors
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what is the triad with MG
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tired toward end of day, ptosis, thymus gland pathology
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when are people with MG more tired?
why? |
eveing, they used all the ACH they had stored so none left.
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what is the AB in graves dz?
what does this casue? |
anti-TSI
stimulates the thyroid to produce more T3/4 so you get hyperthroidism |
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what is the triad with Graves dz?
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hyperthyrodism, exopthamlmos (buldging eyes), pretibial myxedema
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will ppl with graves dz have pitting edema?
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no, that how you know it not fuid casued edema yet it is due to excess tissue
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what is the AB in hashimoto thyroditis?
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anti- TPO or thyroglobulin
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what is the triad with hashimoto thyroiditis?
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hypothyroidism, female, and non-tender goiter
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what is the AB in wegeners granulomotus?
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anti-neutrophile cytoplasm (ANCA)
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what is the triad with wegeners granulomatosis?
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lung cavities, sinusitis, glomerulonephritis
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what is targeted in wegeners granulomatosis?
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capillaries
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what is the AB in celiac sprue?
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anti-gladin
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what is the triad for celiac sprue?
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malabsorbion, dermatitiis herpatiformis, and short stature
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what will be seen on biopsy of someone with celiac sprue?
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flattened villi
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what is the AB in goodpastures syndrome?
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Anti- glomerular BM
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what is the triad in goodpastures syndorme?
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pulmonary hemorrage, dyspnea, gomerulonephritis
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what diffrentiates good pastures and wegeners granulomosis/
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pulmonary hemorrage
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what is the AB in primary biliary cirrosis? (PBC)
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anti-mitocondria of the biliary tree
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what is the triad in PBC
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pruritis, jaundice, and female
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what AB mediate type 1 hypersensitive reaction?
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IgE
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what are some examples of type 1 hypersensitive reactions?
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hay fever, allergies, asthma, allergic rhinitis, systemic anaphylaxis
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what is the most common drug to cause type 1 hypersensitive reaction?
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peni
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What cells are IgE mostly bound to?
what is the abundunt substance within these cells? |
Mast cells and basophiles
histamine |
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Is IgE free floating?
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no, its bound to mast cells and basophiles.
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upon someones first exposure to a substance, will they develop a type 1 hypersensitive reaction?
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no, the first exposure starts the persons production of ABs
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what mediates type 2 hypersensitive reaction?
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AB mediated cytotoxicity
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what are some examples of type 2 hypersensitive reaction?
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ABO transfusion reaction, hyperacute transplant reaction, erythroblastosis fetalis, rhumatic fever, SLE, drug induced lupus
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Describe what erythroblastosis fetalis is
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An Rh- mother has an RH+ fetus. upin the first prego there is a blood exchange so the mother builds up AB against RH+ RBCs. the next prego, these preformed ABs travel across the placenta and attack the RBCs of the fetus.
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what organ tries to make up for RBC loss in erythroblastosis fetalis?
what does this due to oncontic pressure? |
the liver tries to make up for the lag. this results in dec in albumin. the dec in albumin results in a dec in oncotic pressure so blood does not stay in the BVs.
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when does a hyperacute transplant rejection occur?
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min to hrs.
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what type of hypersensitive reaction is seen in hyperacute transplant rejection?
|
type II
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what happens in acute transplant rejection?
|
CD4 cells reconize the transplant as foreign and causes CD8 cells to attack it.
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when do acute transplant rehections tend to occur?
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days to wks.
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what occurs in chronic transplant rejection?
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ABs are formed against the transplant. these AB attack the vasculature of the transplant.
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what type of hypersensitive reaction occurs in chronic transplant rejection?
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Type III and IV
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when do you start to see chronic transplant rejection
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months to yrs.
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what happens in graft VS host?
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T-cells from the transplant attack host tissue.
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what type of hypersensitive reaction is seen in graft VS host?
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type IV
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what cells mediate the destruction of host tissue in graft VS host?
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CD8 (from the transplant)
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oncogenes:
C-myc c-abl ras tumor suppressors: BRCA 1 p53 |
burkits lympohoma
CML colon carcinoma Breat and ovarian cancer breat, ovarian, and lung |
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what is CEA a tumor marker for?
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adenocarcinoma
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can you use tumor markers to make a dx?
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no, they are used to tract tx and to see if the tx is working
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what are the 2 tumor markers for prostate cancer?
|
PSA and acid phosphatases
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What in a prego female may elevate AFP represent?
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neural tube defects and multiple gestations
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
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growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
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growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
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what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
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what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
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If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
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If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
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what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
|
where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
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where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
|
where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
where are some places that produce alkaline phosphates?
|
growing bone, kidney, placenta, biliary system
|
|
|
what kidney cancer may result in an elevated alkaline phosphatase?
|
RCC
|
|
|
If a women present with a high alkaline phosphatase, what might be the cause?
|
prego (comes from the placenta)
|
|
|
can choleocyctitis result in elevated alkaline phosphatases?
|
yes
|
|
|
what is hydrops fetalis?
|
when there is no blood in BV. this is due to dec oncotic pressure from dec albumin that is the result of erythroblastosis fetalis
|
|
|
what 2 drugs can lead to type 2 hypersensitive reaction?
|
hydralazine and procanamide (drug induced lupus)
|
|
|
what is rhumatic fever?
|
AB that target S. pyrogenes start to attack the heart and this leads to destruction of heart tissue.
|
|
|
what type of hypersensitive reaction is acute rhumatic fever?
|
type II
|
|
|
what type of hypersensitive reaction is goodpastures syndrome?
|
type 2
|
|
|
what is a type 3 hypersensitive reaction due to?
|
immune complex deposition
|
|
|
what is the most common cause of type 3 hypersentive reaction?
|
vaccines
|
|
|
what are 2 things can result from an untreated S. pyrogenes infection?
|
rhumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
what is the only hypersensitive reaction that is cell mediated?
what cells do this? |
type 4
macrophages and T-cells |
|
|
what are some examples of a type 4 hypersensitve reaction?
|
Poison Ivy/Oak, contact dermititis, + PPD skin test, nickel allergy, soap allergy
|
|
|
how long does it take for a type 4 hypersensitive reaction to occur?
|
48-72 hrs.
|
