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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is acrodermatitis enteropathica
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a hemorrhagic dermatitis around the eyes, nose, mouth, anus and other distal parts associated w zinc deficiency. Other SSx w this defic. are growth retardation, anorexia, diarrhea, poor wound healing.
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deficiency of what vitamin will cause a Pt to have beefy red tongue/glossitis, cheilosis, dermatitis, and peripheral neuropathy
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vitamin b6...pyridoxine
NMS chpt 14 question 3. |
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what does secretin do
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makes pancreas release a ton of HCO3 in response to acid
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what enzyme activates trypsinogen
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enterokinase turns trypsinogen to trypsin
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most common malignancy of children less than 1 yo
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neuroblastoma...often hits the adrenal medulla
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what is reynold's pentad
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charcot's triad + AMS and hypotension
charcot's traid for cholangitis (F, RUQ pain, jaundice) |
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A plain abdominal xray is reviewed showing free air in the biliary system. This is pathonogmonic for what Dx?
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gallstone ileus - rare, intestinal obstruction caused by passage of a large gallstone through eroded gallbladder wall into adjacent small bowl - one of the few plain xray pathonogmonic findings
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what is the most common primary tumor of the GB
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adenocarcinoma
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what is courvoisier's law (refers to GB)
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a nontender GB enlarges when CBD is obstructed by pancreatic CA but not enlarged when CBD is obstructed by stone
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what is an annular pancreas
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ring of pancreatic tissue encircling and obstructing duodenum...a congenital condition
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what is a classic xray finding in acute pancreatitis
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sentinel loop, or colon cut off sign
- a loop of distended bowel adjacent to pancreas |
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what are two classic physical findings of acute pancreatitis
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grey turner's sign (flank discoloration)
cullen's sign (periumbilical discoloration) |
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You should suspect this Dx if a patient is readmitted w pancreatitis complaints within several weeks of being DC'd after a bout of pancreatitis
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pancreatic pseudocyst
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what is a classic sign for pancreatic cancer, occurring in 10% of Pt's?
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trousseaus syndrome - migratory thrombophlebitis
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gallstones in a nulliparous child/very young adult are unusual and should make you consider what etiology
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congenital hemolytic processes leading to elevated unconj bilirubin that precipitates as gallstones. ex = Sickle cell, thalassemia (rarely spherocytosis)
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DOC for severe but nondisseminated coccidiomycosis
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fluconazole
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DOC for blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, sportotrichosis
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itraconazole
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MOA of trimethoprim
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inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
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what are the 4 kinds of lupus nephropathy
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mesangial - WHO class II (most common and mildest)
focal proliferative nephritis -WHO class III diffuse proliferative nephritis- WHO class IV (most severe) membranous glomerulonephropathy -WHO class V |
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a crazy RA lady overdoses on her gold Rx. what do you use to treat
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dimercaprol
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three drugs used in RA (not NSAIDS or anti TNF agents)
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gold
D penicillamine MTX |
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name the anti TNF agents
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thalidomide
pentoxyfilline infliximab etanercept also adalimumab |
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highly teratogenic drug solely in leprosy, HIV skin lesions, and multiple myeloma
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thalidomide
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how do steroids reduce inflamamtion
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inhibits phospholipase A2 so you don't get arachidonic acid = no PGs
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this drug is used in acute alcoholic hepatitis to reduce inflammation
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pentoxyfilline
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monoclonal AB against TNF
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infliximab
adalimumab |
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how does etanercept work
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recombinant TNF receptor...binds up TNF in blood, so it reduces inflammation
(ercept for receptor_ |
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what 4 dz states do we see psammomma bodies in?
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PSaMMoma mneumonic
papillary (thyroid adenocarcinoma) serous (ovary papillary cystadenocarcinoma) Meningioma mesothelioma - malignant |
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what are the MT inhibiting drugs (7)
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- mneumonic.....MT G VV P C
MicroTubules Get Very, Very Poor Composition mebendazole, thiabendazole, griseofulvin, vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, colchicine |
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DOC for acute gouty attack
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colchicine
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MOA of allopurinol....what dz is it used for
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gout
inhibits xanthine oxidase = cannot form uric acid |
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uricosuric drug used to treat chronic gout
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probenecid
in high doses it blocks tubular reabsorption of uric acid to cause greater uric acid excretion |
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NSAIDS used to treat gout, but which NSAID should we never used
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ASA
bc it competes w uric acid at renal transporters in PCT and will worsen gout Sx |
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gray membranes on tonsils and throat
gram + rods shaped like clubs that grow in chinese letter forms.....these buzzwords are for what bug |
corynebacterium diptheriae
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ekg w changes in leads I, V5, V6 indicate characteristic involvement of what heart vessel
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left circumflex coronary artery
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ekg w changes in leads II, III, and avF indicate characteristic involvement of what portion of the heart and what heart vessel
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inferior infarct= (II, III, avF) w R coronary involvement
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enzyme deficiency in von gierke's dz (type I glycogen storage dz)
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glucose 6 phosphatase
glucose 6 P cannot cross membranes and remains in liver inhibiting glycogen breakdown. = large kidney/liver. acidosis, fasting hypoglycemia, failure to thrive |
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enzyme deficiency in pompe's dz (type II glycogen storage dz)
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alpha glucosidase
this enzyme is used by lysosomes all over the body to break down glycogen. thus all orgrans affected, mm hypotonia, cardiac failure and death by 2 yo |
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enzyme deficiency in McArdle's dz (type V glycogen storage dz)
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skeletal mm glycogen phosphorylase
this enzyme makes glycogen into glucose 1 P in skeletal mm...without it you get mm pain/craps w exercise and progressive mm weakness |
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hurler's and scheie have the same enzyme defect but with different clinical manifestations...what is the enzyme...and for extra cred, what are the Sx of each?
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alpha L iduronidase (hurler's has an L, and this one has an L, as opposed to hunter's)
hurlers - MR, corneal clouding scheie - nl intelligence, corneal clouding |
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enzyme defect in hunter's syndrome
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iduronate sulfatase
Sx - MR, no corneal clouding |
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what are the saturated FAs
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palmitic acid (16 C)
stearic acid (18 C) |
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what are the monounsaturated FAs (one C=C dbl bond)
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palmitoleic acid 16:1(9)
oleic acid 18:1(9) |
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what are the polyunsaturated FAs (many C=C dbl bonds)
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linoleic acid 18:2 (9,12)
lenolenic acid 18:3 (9,12,15) arachidonic acid 20:4 (5,8,11,14) |
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enzyme deficency in neimann pick
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sphingomyelinase
HSM, foamy cells |
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enzyme deficiency in gaucher's dz
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Beta glucosidase
HSM, osteoporosis, Jew |
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enzyme deficiency in krabbe's dz
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beta galactosidase
blind, deaf, convulsion, globoid cells |
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enzyme deficiency in metachromatic leukodystrophy
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arylsulfatase
progressive paralysis |
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enzyme deficiency in fabry's dz
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alpha galactosidase
reddish purple skin rash, kidney and heart failure, angiokeratoma |
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enzyme deficiency in tay sachs
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hexosaminidase
blind, cherry red macule, Jew |
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what is the most common supratentorial tumor of children
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craniopharygioma
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what is the origin of a craniopharyngioma (it is the remnant of what structure)
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vestigial remnant of rathke's pouch
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what are the ectoderm derived brain tumors
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craniopharyngioma
pituitary adenomas |
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what is the most common functional pituitary tumor
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prolactinoma
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what is the second most common functional pituitary tumor
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growth hormone adenoma
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name the mesoderm derived brain tumors
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lymphoma
lipoma hemangioblastoma |
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what are Hirano bodies
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eosinophilic rods in the processes of hippocampus neurons found in alzheimer's dz
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what is the 1st Sx in parkinson's
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loss of or diminished sense of smell
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what is charcot's triad for MS
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nystagmus, scanning speech, intention tremor
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