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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common result of pre-renal acute renal failure?
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Acute Tubular Necrosis (muddy brown casts in urine are pathognomonic) resulting in hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis
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What would you expect to see in a pt with pre-renal acute renal failure (ARF) with regard to urine output, BUN and creatinine?
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Oliguria
Hi BUN and Creatinine BUN:creatinine ration will be >20:1 b/c tubules can't filture out the BUN (blood urea nitrogen) |
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What causes acute tubulointersitial nephritis and what does it cause in terms of acute renal failure?
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Occurs secondary to an allergic reaction (usually to drugs such as NSAIDs, diuretics, PCN - things filtered through the kidneys) or d/t infection (pyelonephritis)
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What labs would you expect to see in intrensic or renal acute renal failure with regard to BUN and creatinine?
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Hi BUN and creatinine
BUN:creatinine ratio of <10:1 |
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What is the MCC of calcium stones?
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Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
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What is the cause of cystine stones?
COAL |
Imparied tubular resorption of:
Cysteine Ornithine Arginine Lysine causes black looking stones and may form a staghorn stone - auto recessive disorder causing cystinuria |
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What is the clinical presentation of trichomoniasis?
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Frothy, Yellow green discharge
Putrid smell Darting trichomonads pH>4.5 |
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What is the clinical presentation of bacterial vaginosis?
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Grey white discharge
Fishy smell (KOH whiff test) Clue cells pH>4.5 |
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What symptoms does lymphogranuloma venereum cause? What is its cause?
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Large palpable granulomas develop in the inguinal LN
Chlamydia types L1, L2, & L3 |
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How can you tell the difference clinically between chancroid and syphillis?
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Chancroid chancres are soft and PAINFUL and appear as a school of fish on micro exam - d/t Hemophilus ducreyi
Syphilis causes a painless, hard chancre 2-10wks post sex (1st stage) then moves to a maculopapular red rash on palms and condyloma lata on genitals (2nd stage) then causes gummas (granulomas), tabes dorsalis (don't know where feet are), psychosis, demntia, luetic aneurysm (wrinkled tree @ vaso vasorum), aortitis, and aortic regurg |
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How does HPV 16 or 18 (or 30s-50s) cause cancer?
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Suppresses p53 and RB tumor supressor genes via their viral E6 and E7 genes
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What tests will be positive when testing for genital herpes?
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+ Tzanck test shows multi-nucleated giant cells
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What is the most common germ cell tumor in men? Is it malignant or benign?
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Seminoma (painless, tx w/ radiation, +/-HCG test)
Malignant |
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What are the signs/symptoms of a Leydig cell tumor in prepubertal boys? Postpubertal?
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General: Solid tumor in testicle + for intracytoplasmic Reinke crystals
Prepubertal: precocious puberty d/t excess testosterone produced by Leydigs Post-pubertal: gynecomastia d/t conversion of the testosterone produced by the Leydigs into estrogen compounds via aromatase |
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A pt's histology report comes back describing a cystic tumor lined with cells like fallopian tube epithelium (ciliated and secrete watery secretion). What type of ovarian tumor is this?
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Serous
Either cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma (1/2 of all ovarian carcinomas and bilateral) |
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What is a unique characteristic seen in Brenner tumors?
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Contractile ability of tumor cells d/t transitional epithelium composition
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What is a struma ovarii?
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Ovarian tumor that is typically made of thyroid tissue resulting in hyperthyroidism
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Why do Granulosa-Theca cell tumors cause secondary endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial cancer?
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Granulosa produces estrogen and Theca produces androgen which is converted to estrogen
+Call-Exner bodies (follicle filled w/ eosinophilic material) |
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What is a Krukenberg tumor?
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Tumor in ovary that metastasized from somewhere else characterized by bilateral replacement of ovaries with mucin-producing signet ring cells
Usual source of mets is the stomach |
