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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where in the lungs does bronchopneumonia occur and which organisms are the most likely cause?
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Peribronchial infiltrates in alveoli contiguous to the bronchi
Hemophilus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus |
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Where in the lungs does lobar pneumonia occur?
What is its most likely cause (#1 cause of all pneumonia)? What are the symptoms? |
An entire lobe
Pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) Sudden onset dyspnea, cough, fever, rigors, dullness to percussion, consolidation on CXR |
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What is another name for the type of pneumonia that causes currant jelly sputum?
What is its onset time (general, not days/weeks) |
Friedlander's pneumonia (aka Klebsiella pneumonia)
Prolonged onset with progressive symptoms (days) |
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Where does atypical pneumonia usually occur?
What is its usual viral cause in kids? adults? What is the most common cause between ages 5-35yoa? |
BILATERAL lower lobes
Kids: RSV, adenovirus, influenza Adults: influenza A & B Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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What symptoms are seen in Walking Pneumonia and what is its cause (both names for it)?
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Sore throat, malaise, and dry cough that evolves over weeks to months to a productive, mucopurulent sputum; fluffy/patchy infiltrates bilaterally; may also cause bullous myringitis
Mycoplasma pneumonia aka Eaton Agent |
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If you had a middle aged male patient who presented with a high fever, relative bradycardia, diarrhea, and a productive cough who had unilateral patchy segmental infiltrates on CXR, what would be #1 on your DDX?
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Legionnaire's disease
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A patient who recently had a stroke comes to you with complaints of cough, fever, and a purulent, foul smelling sputum. What type of bacteria could possibly be causing his infection?
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Peptostreptococcus spp.
Bacteroides spp. Fusobacterium spp. (anaerobic bacteria of the oral cavity) |
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Define hamartoma, adenoma, and leiomyoma
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Hamartoma: anomalous growth of tissue that naturally occurs in a part of the body or ogran
Adenoma: overgrowth of glandular structure or of glandular origin Leiomyoma: benign tumor of smooth mm |
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A patient comes to you complaining of flushing, diarrhea, and bronchospasm. On exam, he has hypotension. What test should you order to confirm your diagnosis and what is it looking for?
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24h urine 5'-HIAA (hydroxy indole acetic acid)
It's looking for metabolites of serotonin which is elevated in pts with Carcinoid syndrome (typically from tumors of the GI mucosa that have spread to the liver) |
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Describe a lung carcinoma
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Malignant tumor of epithelial origin that often presents as a new onset cough/change to a pre-existing cough
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Where are the 4 types of lung cancers found?
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Central: Small cell and squamous cell
Peripheral: Large cell and Adenocarcinoma |
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What affects does small cell carcinoma have on the body?
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Paraneoplastic production of ADH (fluid overload), ACTH (Cushing's syndrome)
Autoimmune dz (Eaton Lambert Syndrome) causing proximal mm weakness d/t ab to presynaptic Ca channels on neurons of neuromuscular jxn |
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Define Horner's syndrome
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Compression of sympathetic ganglia d/t mass in the upper chest/lower neck area resulting in miosis, ptosis, vasodilation, anhidrosis of the face, and sinking of the eyeball
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What is the difference in the pathology of nephritic vs nephrotic syndrome?
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Nephritic: acute d/t inflammation
Nephrotic: d/t structural changes |
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What are the symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome?
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FROTHY urine
Azotemia w/ high BUN and creatinine Edema d/t decreased oncotic pressure Hyperlipidemia (d/t loss of transport lipoproteins) Hypoalbuminemia >3.5 g/day of protein loss in urine |
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What are the symptoms of rapidly progressive (cresentic) glomerulonephritis
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Proteinuria
Acute renal failure Severe oliguria Severe edema Hypertension Marked azotemia |
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What is uremia?
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Signs and symptoms of azotemia
mm twitches/cramps, fatigue, decreased mental acuity, pruritis, n/v, hypertension d/t hypervolemia, pericarditis, uremic frost (urea crystals) |
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Name the three types of RPGN
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Type I: antibody-mediated cytotoxicity
Type II: Immune complex disease Type III: pseudo-immune d/t +ANCA |
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What type of glomerulonephritis produces mesangial cell proliferation with capillary basement membrane thickening and splitting plus subendothelial deposits of C3 complement (tram track pattern)? What causes it?
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Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis aka mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
Immune complex deposition in glomerulus associated with URI, HCV, heroin, cancer, and SLE |
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What is Kimmelstiel Wilson Syndrome?
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Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis developing about 20 years after onset of DM
Small kidneys with diffuse glomerulosclerosis of the capillary basement membranes and eventually development of nodules of mesangial proliferation |
