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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What creates the risk in endometrial hyperplasia?
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Excess estrogen
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What are the risk factors of endometrial hyperplasia?
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PCOS
>40yoa early menarche (<12.5yoa) late menopause (>52 yoa) Estrogen tx Granulosa-Theca cell tumor (Thecas make excess E) Nulliparity Obesity DM Type II HTN |
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What does CIN mean?
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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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What major HPV types are assoc with CIN?
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HPV 16, 18, 30's, 40's, and 50's
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How does HPV cause cancer?
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Inhibition of tumor suppressor genes p53 and RB
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How is CIN I treated? What about CIN II/III?
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CIN I: cryo or laser or loop electric excision procedure (LEEP)
CIN II/III: Cone biopsy |
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What's the difference between CIN III and Invasive carcinoma?
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CIN III: hasn't invaded past the basement membrane but is full epithelial thickness neoplasia
Invasive: has moved through the basement membrane |
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How does PCOS occur?
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Excess LH production from the ant. pituitary causes increased androstenedione production by the theca cells. Fat cells' aromatase converts the androgens to estrone resulting in negative feedback on the ant. pituitary and decreasing FSH. This decrease in FSH results in failure of follicular development and thus anovulation.
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What lab results would you expect for a woman with PCOS?
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LH:FSH ration >2:1
Hi androstenedioine Hi testosterone Hi estrone |
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What causes endometriosis?
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Retrograde flow of menses into the abdominal canal where nests of endometrial cells adhere to structures of the peritoneum (#1 site is ovary)
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What are the 3 D's of endometriosis?
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Dyschezia, Dysmenorrhea, Dyspareunia
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What is the #1 uterine tumor and the overall #1 tumor in women?
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Uterine Leiomyoma (sm. mm. tumor of the uterus)
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What group of women is most likely to develop uterine leiomyomas?
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Black women of reproductive age
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What is the characteristic finding on pathologic exam?
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Whorled pattern of smooth mm bundles
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What is the most common complaint with uterine leiomyomas?
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Abnormal menstrual bleeding
(other symptoms include urinary frequency, impaired fertility, increased risk abortion/fetal malpresentation, and postpartum hemorrhage) |
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What is a complete mole?
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2 X sperms + 1 enucleated ovum
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What is an incomplete mole?
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>1 sperm + 1 ovum
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What lab values would you expect with a mole?
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Very high beta-HCG
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What physical findings would you expect for a pt with a mole?
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Uterus larger than expected for gestational age d/t growth of villi (grape-like cysts) and trophoblastic proliferation
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What is a choriocarcinoma?
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Malignant neoplasm of trophoblastic cells (placental cells)
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Who is at risk for choriocarcinoma?
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Women with retained placenta or retained GTN
May form spontaneously as a type of germ cell tumor |
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What is placenta previa?
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Implantation of the placenta over or near the cervical os
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What is placenta accreta?
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Implantation of the placenta more deeply than is usual (may require hysterectomy)
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What is placental abruption?
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Premature separation of the placenta from the uterus (may be d/t maternal age <20 or advanced age, coccaine use, maternal HTN, smoking, EtOH, fibroids, or trauma)
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What lab value would you expect in an ectopic pregnancy?
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Low beta-HCG
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What type of changes are occurring in a "lumpy, bumpy" breast and what happens during the menstrual cycle?
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Fibrocystic changes; fluctuate with menstrual cycle
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If a young patient (<30yoa) comes to you complaining of a mobile, marble like knot in her breast, what would be her most likely diagnosis?
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Fibroadenoma
(women <30yoa with marble like, mobile knots) |
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A 70yo woman presents to your office with the complaints that she has a huge, log-shaped knot in her breast. What is her most likely diagnosis?
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Phylloides tumor
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What type of cancer is commonly associated with bloody or serous nipple discharge?
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Intraductal papilloma
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