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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A child presents with a reticular rash on the arms that the mother states started out as bright red cheeks a few days ago. What disease is it?
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-Erythema infectiosum/5th disease/Slapped Cheek disease
-Caused by Parvovirus B19 |
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What is the viral structure of Parvovirus?
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Unenveloped single-stranded linear DNA
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What is the viral structure of Papovaviridae?
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Unenveloped, double-stranded circular DNA
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What diseases are caused by Papovavirus?
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Human papilloma virus
BK polyomavirus JC polyomavirus |
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What is the structure of Adenovirus?
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Unenveloped, double-stranded linear DNA
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What diseases are caused by Adenovirus?
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Childhood respiratory illness (cold)
Epidemic keratoconjuctivitis |
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What is the structure of Herpes virus?
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Enveloped, double-stranded linear DNA
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What diseases are caused by Herpes virus?
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HSV types 1 and 2
VZV CMV EBV Human Herpesvirus 6 (roseola) |
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What is the structure of Hepadna virus?
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Enveloped, double-stranded circular DNA
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What diseases are caused by Headna virus?
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Hepatitis B virus
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What is the structure of Pox virus?
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Complex enveloped, double-stranded linear DNA virus
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What diseases does the Pox virus cause?
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Smallpox
Vaccina Molluscum contagiosum |
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What is the structure of the Picorna virus?
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Icosahedral, nonenveloped, nonsegmented RNA virus
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What diseases does the Picorna virus cause?
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Polio virus
Coxsackie A and B virus ECHO virus Hepatitis A virus Rhino virus New enteroviruses |
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What is the structure of Calci and Hepe viruses?
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Icosahedral, nonenveloped, nonsegmented RNA virus
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What disease do the Calci and Hepe viruses cause?
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Norwalk and Hepatitis E viruses respectively
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What is the structure of the Reo virus?
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Icosahedral, nonenveloped, double-stranded, segmented RNA virus
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What diseases does the Reo virus cause?
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Rota virus
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What is the structure of the Toga virus?
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Icosahedral, enveloped, nonsegmented RNA virus
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What diseases does the Toga virus cause?
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Mosquito borne encephalitis (WEE, EEE, VEE)
Rubivirus (rubella) |
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What is the structure of the Flavi virus?
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Icosahedral, enveloped, nonsegmented RNA virus
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What diseases does the Flavi virus cause?
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Yellow fever virus
Dengue virus St. Louis encephalitis Japanese encephalitis Hepatitis C virus |
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What is the structure of the Corona virus?
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Helical, enveloped, nonsegmented, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Corona virus cause?
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Respiratory illness (cold)
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What is the structure of the Bunya virus?
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Helical, enveloped, segmented, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Bunya virus cause?
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California encephalitis virus
Rift Valley fever virus Sandfly fever virus Hantavirus |
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What is the structure of the Orthomyxo virus?
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Helical, enveloped, segmented, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Orthomyxo virus cause?
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Influenza virus (types A, B, C)
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What is the structure of the Paramyxo virus?
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Helical, enveloped, nonsegmented, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Paramyxo virus cause?
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Para-influenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus Mumps Measles Metapneumovirus |
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What is the structure of the Rhabdo virus?
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Helical, enveloped, nonsegmented, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Rhabdo virus cause?
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Rabies virus
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What is the structure of the Filo virus?
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Helical, enveloped, nonsegmented, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Filo virus cause?
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Marburg virus (acute hemorrhagic fever)
Ebola virus (acute hemorrhagic fever) |
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What is the structure of the Arena virus?
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Helical, enveloped, segmented, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Rhabdo virus cause?
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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Lassa virus |
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What is the structure of the Retro virus?
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Complex, Complex coat, Diploid, RNA virus
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What diseases does the Retro virus cause?
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HIV types I and II
HTLV types I and II |
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Describe the different HPV types.
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-HPV types 1-4: plantar and skin warts
-HPV types 6 and 11: genital warts-->condyloma acuminata -highest risk of carcinoma is associated with types 16, 18, and those in 30s, 40s, and 50s series |
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How does HPV cause cancer?
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-Expresses two proteins, E6 and E7 that encode for two proteins that deactivate the proteins encoded by certain human tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and Rb--> uncontrlled growth of infected cells.
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Describe a herpes lesion vs. a lesion of chicken pox.
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Herpes: painful cluster of fluid-filled vesicles on an erythematous base
chickenpox: dewdrop on rose petal |
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What is the DOC for Herpes?
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Acyclovir
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List all the diseases that can be caused by herpes.
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Gingivostomatitis, Herpes Labialis, Herpes keratoconjuctivitis, herpes encephalitis, herpetic whitlow, gential herpes, neonatal herpes
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How might one be able to differentiate between a primary genital herpes outbreak recurrent genital herpes?
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-primary infection also includes fever and inguinal lymphadenopathy whereas the recurrent infections usually do not
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Which virus infection produces Heterophile antibodies and atypical lymphocytes (which are CD8s)?
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EBV
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What drug must be avoided during infection with EBV?
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Ampicillin/penicillin because it can cause desquamation
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What diseases does infection with BV predispose one to?
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-Burkitt's Lymphoma (especially in Africa)
-nasopharyngeal CA (especially in China) -Thymic CA (especially in US) -many different types of B-cell lymphomas |
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How does one diagnose CMV?
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CMV Ab, Owl's eye intranuclear inclusions
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What diseases are caused by CMV?
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-CMV infectious mononucleosis
-CMV retinitis -CMV interstitial pneumonitis -CMV hepatitis -Cytomegalic Inclusion Dx-->congenital |
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What are the features of HHV-6 or Roseola?
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-Abrupt onset fever, lasts 1-5 days, pink rash on trunk occurs only AFTER fever ends
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What are the four types of poliomyelitis?
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1. inapparent asymptomatic infection
2. abortive poliomyelitis 3. non-paralytic-->mild, fever, headache, sore throat, N/V, spontaneous recovery poliomyelitis-->fever, headache, stiff neck 4. paralytic poliomyelitis-->flaccid paralysis, preceded by painful muscle spasms |
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What two diseases can Coxsackie A cause?
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Herpanigina-->fever, sore throat, tender vesicles in oropharynx
Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease-->veiscular rash on hands and feet, ulcerations in mouth |
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What two diseases does Coxsackie B cause?
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Myocarditis
Bornholm diseas-->fever, pleuritis chest pain |
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The vaccine for the flu is against which two types?
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Influenza A and B. There is no vaccine against C; it is more mild
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Which flu strain is endemic?
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Flu A, but is has the potential of being pandemic
(Flu B is epidemic) |
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Which antivirals can terminate the progression of the Flu A or B?
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Oseltamivir or Zanamivir
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What are the different between drifts and shifts in the flu virus?
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-Drifts occur annully and are due to minor mutations of the viral RNA
-Shifts occur every 10-11 years, with MAJOR shifts occuring less frequently. They only occur in Flu A and are due to the reassortment and recombination of the viral RNA with human and animal mixing. |
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What virus causes croup?
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parainfluenza virus
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What are some clinical signs of croup?
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-Harsh barking cough and stridor
-Steeple sign seen on A-P neck x-ray due to swelling of soft tissues around trachea |
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What may occur as a result of infection with the mumps?
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-Parotitis
-Orchitis-->can result in sterility if bilateral in post-pubertal male -Mumps Aseptic meningitis |
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What is the #1 respiratory infection of infants?
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RSV
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What is the main concern with German measles (Rubella)?
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Congenitally-acquired-->if mother becomes infected while pregnant, severe fetal heart, eye and brain defects (blueberry muffin rash)
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What are the most common causes of the common cold?
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1. Rhinovirus
2. Coronavirus |
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What other illness besides the common cold can coronavirus cause?
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SARS
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What characteristic do all the Arbo viruses share?
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They are arthropod borne
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What four families make up the Arboviruses of arthropod borne illnesses?
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Togaviridae
Flaviviridae Bunyaviridae Reoviridae |
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What is the only arbovirus(arthropod borne viruses) whose vector is not a mosquito?
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Coltivirus, causing Colorado Tick Fever, caused by a wood tick
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Which virus can cause Hairy T cell Lymphoma?
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HTLV-2
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What diseases can HTLV-1 cause?
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-Adult Human T cell leukemia/lymphoma
-HTLV-assocaited myelopathy |
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What are the major HIV genes and gene products?
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1. gp 160-->becomes gp 41and gp 120 when cleaved
2.gp 41 binds CCR5 or CXR4 3. gp 120 binds CD4 receptors |
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What does gag code for?
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Gene that codes for the capsid protein, p24, of HIV
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What does pol code for?
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gene that codes for multiple enzymes, including reverse transcriptase
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What does env code for?
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Gene that codes for glycoproteins that exist on the envelope of HIV, the two major ones being gp41 and gp120
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What does tat code for?
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Gene for transactivation of transcription
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What does nef code for?
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A gene that works to decrease class I MHC synthesis on infected cells; induces healthy CD8 cell death
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How is diagnosis of HIV done?
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ELISA then confirmation via Western blot
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What is the prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii and at what CD4 count?
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-TMP/SMX or Dapsone
-CD4 <200 |
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What is the prophylaxis for Toxoplasmosis and at what CD4 count?
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-occurs when PCP prophylaxis with TMP/SMX occurs
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What is the prophylaxis for Cryptoccus meningitis and at what CD4 count?
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-no prophylaxis recommended but if CD4 below 50, drug can be used: fluconazole
-Tx: Amphotericin B and flucytosine until clinically stable, then fluconazole for 8 weeks, then until CD4 count is greater than 100-200 |
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What is the prophylaxis for CMV retinitis and at what CD4 count?
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-prophylaxis not recommended
-Tx: ganciclovir + valganciclovir |
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Description of "umbilicated papules" or papules with an indented crater in the center filled with a white core are what? How are they treated?
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-Molluscum contagiosum
-Treated with curettage or cryotherapy |
