Bbc Fungi And Parasites High Yield

Front 1

What 3 fungi can cause dermatophtosis (pruritic papules, vesicles, brocken hair, and nails) may also see a red ring with central clearing?

Back 1

Epidermophyton
Trichophyton
Microsporum

Front 2

What fungi is the main cause of Tinea Versicolor?

Back 2

Malassezia furfur***

see spagehetti and meatballs on micro slide lol

Front 3

If on a slide you saw a tree like shaped pus draining abscess in the subcutaneous layer what is this?

Back 3

Petrollidium, Madurella

Front 4

If you were asked to pick out the Cigar shaped budding yeast on a slide, and the person tells you they got this from a wound (being stuck by a rose) what is it?

Back 4

Sporothrix shenkii

Front 5

This fungi is spread by inhalation*** via endospores. It lives in soil and is most found in the southwest USA. Has a very high death rate

Back 5

Coccidoidomycosis

Front 6

What 3 fungi can cause dermatophtosis (pruritic papules, vesicles, brocken hair, and nails) may also see a red ring with central clearing?

Back 6

Epidermophyton
Trichophyton
Microsporum

Front 7

What fungi is the main cause of Tinea Versicolor?

Back 7

Malassezia furfur***

see spagehetti and meatballs on micro slide lol

Front 8

If on a slide you saw a tree like shaped pus draining abscess in the subcutaneous layer what is this?

Back 8

Petrollidium, Madurella

Front 9

If you were asked to pick out the Cigar shaped budding yeast on a slide, and the person tells you they got this from a wound (being stuck by a rose) what is it?

Back 9

Sporothrix shenkii

Front 10

This fungi is spread by inhalation*** via endospores. It lives in soil and is most found in the southwest USA. Has a very high death rate

Back 10

Coccidoidomycosis

Front 11

This is an infection seen in immunocompromised people. it is non-disseminated an see fever, cough, arthralgias, and a positive skin test?

Back 11

Valley fever
aka Desert Rheumatism; San Joaquin Valley Fever

Front 12

This fungi is from the Ohio and mississippi river valley.
inhale spores, macrophages engulf them, spores become oval budding yeast,

these live in soil, from bat and bird shit***

looks like pulmonary TB, spreads to liver and spleen, and heals by calcification

Back 12

Histoplasmosis

Front 13

Found in Ohio and Mississippi areas
great lakes
found in moist soil and inhaled, cause skin and bone ulcerative granulomas

MOST COMMON IN THE FALL

Back 13

BLASTOMYCOSIS

Front 14

DEVELOP PSEUDOHYPHAE IN TISSUE

esp common from bird/pigeon droppings.

this is an AIDS defining illness****

Positive with an INDIA INK STAIN****

Back 14

Cryptococcosis Neoforms

Front 15

This produces germ tubes and pseudohyphae during infections****

Vulvovaginitis and Thrush***
esophagitis, intertrigo, and endocarditis

Back 15

Candida albicans

Front 16

This is a common mold in decaying vegetation
see a V-shaped septate hyphae
grow in WARM body cavitis
lung cavitations caused by TB or Wegner's or in deep recesses of sinuses.

Key word are Fungus balls***
Allergic Bronchopulmonary --> might see asthma + high IgE titers

Back 16

Aspergillosis

Front 17

This fungi does not grow in the body but makes a aflatoxin on cereal, grains, and oats.

Back 17

Aspergillus flavus

Front 18

This attacks pts with weakened immune systems
inhaled
multiply in blood vessels walls, found in the GI, lungs

Pts at highest risk are Diabetics, burn victims, and who have leukemia.
Non-septae hyphae are seen with right angled branches

Back 18

mucormycosis: Mucor or Rhizopus

Front 19

what are the 2 major blood protozoa?

Back 19

babesia and Plasmodia

Front 20

the lifecycle of malaria....know it!

Back 20

Front 21

what is the only life cycle of the malarial plasmodia that can survive in RBCs?

Back 21

Merzoites

Front 22

What is the only stage of malaria that is consumed by a mosiquto and thus is the ONLY way malaria is transmitted?

Back 22

gametocytes

Front 23

Is all development of malaria in the human or animal sexual or asexual?

Back 23

All in human and animal is ASEXUAL

only SEXUAL reproduction is in Mosquito

Front 24

What is the Tx for malaria?

Back 24

chloroquine

Front 25

what is Tx for chloroquine resistent malaria?

Back 25

Doxycycline or Tetracycline or Clindamycin
+
Quinine

Front 26

If you are treating P.vivax what drug must you add to the combination of drugs?

Back 26

Primaquine

Front 27

What malaria will cause black urine due to hemolysis of RBC debris?

Back 27

Plasmodium falciparum***

worst of the malaria bc can infect all stages of RBC lifecycle. See P.vivax and P.ovale can only infect immature RBCs

This black urine is called BLACK WATER FEVER

Front 28

What is the only Malaria to infect RBCs within 72 hr cycle?

Back 28

Plasmodium Malariae
this is also the only malaria to infect MATURE RBCs

Front 29

What can cause a malaria like syndrome?
But is transmitted by the tick
found in northeast US and California?
on blood smear will see trophozoites in RBCs occuring in pairs or tetrads?

Back 29

Babesia***

Tx: Quinine + Clindamycin

Front 30

What is a protozoa that is transmitted by inhalation, casuses a diffuse interstitial pneumonia, commonly affects AIDS and Neonates....immunocompromised. is 100% fatal is not treated and 50% fatal even with Tx. See alveolar cysts and frothy exudates, disseminates to liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Dx: Bronchial lavage with silver stain
Tx: TMP-SMX

Back 30

Pneumocystitis jiroveci

Think pneumo = lung. Said to make sure you know that the Dx is made by silver stain and not by X-ray***

Also look for the grounf glass appearance aka frosted glass sign....wtf i know lol

Front 31

This is a protozoa transmitted via cats***
you will see multiple ring lesions in the brain
aquired from contaminated food or inhalation onto the GI mucosa
Esp dangerous in pregnant women

Back 31

Part of the TOUCH syndrome

Toxoplasma gondii

Tx: Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine + Leucovorin

Front 32

What protoza is transmitted by the SAND FLY?
reservior are dogs, foxes, rodents.
Causes Kala Azar** which if untreated causes Black Sickness

Back 32

Leishmania donovani

sanfly bites, then reticuloendothelial system causes Kala-Azar. If this is untreated you will see fever, wt loss, and HYPERpigmentation aka Black Sickness :(

Tx: Stibogluconate is cutaneous
Amphotericin B if systemic

Front 33

What causes mucocutaneous ulcers and destruction of the nasal cartilage?

Back 33

Leishmania brasiliensis

Front 34

What causes a red papule at the bite which enlarges with satellite lesions causing ulcers which coalesce. 100% mortality without Tx.

Back 34

Leshmani mexicana or Leishmania tropica

Front 35

What causes Chagas disease?
The vector is from the kissing bug
might cause arrythmias or toxic megacolon / mega esophagus

Back 35

Trypanosoma cruzi

Tx: Nifurtimox

Front 36

Vector is the Tse-Tse fly***
reservio is the human
found in west africa along water ways
Causes AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
eventually after infection enter lymph nodes and brain
Present with fever that spikes every 2 weeks, then lyphadenopathy, and finally encephalopathy with headache, sleered speech, mood changes, followed by death and common

Back 36

Trypanosoma brucei

Tx: Suramin or Pentamidine

If the person has encephalitis though Tx with Melarsoprol or Eflornithine

Front 37

This is Dx with a Wet Mount or Ab detection
the cysts have 4 nuclei
the disease is spread via cysts
Trophozoite is the adult form
Unique is cysts divide into 8 trophozoites which cause a tear drop or flask-shaped ulcer in the colon and blood diarrhea.

Nothing kills these not boiling water or bleach

Back 37

Entamoeba histolytica

only way to kill these is by iodine or filters

Front 38

this Protozoa has a 4 nuclei cyst
also has flagella in trophozoite form
infects the sm intesting
associated with hickers and campers drinking stream water****
Foul smelling diarrhea
Dx: String test, Wet mount, Ab

Back 38

Giardia lamblia
check the poo**

Front 39

causes severe diarrhea in AIDS and immunocompromised
infects sm intestine
severe watery diarrhea and NON-bloody
CAN GET VIA TAP WATER AND PUBLIC WATER SOURCE
Dx: AF stain of fecal smear detects oocytes***

Back 39

Cryptospordium

Front 40

these are trophozoites with 1 nuclei and 4 flagella with an undulating membrane and is pear shaped***
Dx: wet mount
causes an STD*

Back 40

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 41

This is an amoeba caused by swimming in the warm water in Southern US
enters the nasal cavity and passes thru the cribiform plate to cause meningoencephalitis
RAPIDLY FATAL****

Back 41

Naegleria fowleri

Front 42

An amoeba causes keratits in health contact lens users

Back 42

Acanthamoeba castellanii

Front 43

Schistosomas are all Blood Flukes and are types of flatworms. They are all carried in snails.
All cause splenomegaly**
Describe the lifecycle

Back 43

free swimmin immature form in water enter via skin
enter blood
enter liver
MATURE into adults
Migrate to mesenteric vessels

Front 44

What flukes are in:
veins of colon?
Veins of sm intestine?
Veins of bladder via venous plexus of rectum

Back 44

Veins of colon - mansoni
veins of sm intestine - japonicum
veins of bladder via plexus of rectum - hematobium

Front 45

What fluke is associated with bladder bleeding and see blood in the urine.
also might cause bladder ca?

Back 45

Hematobium

Front 46

What fluke is from ingestion of contaminated fish
cysts form exist the small intestine and move retrograde through the bile duct
MATURE in bile duct, mate, and eggs leave with stool
leads to cholangitis and chronic infection can lead to cholangiocarcinoma

Back 46

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 47

ingested contaminated crab
cysts exist sm intest
migrate through the diaphragm and enter the lung**
MATURE into adults make
eggs are coughed up
bloody cough and chronic....mimic TB***

Back 47

Paragonimus Westermani

Front 48

What tapeworm is known as the PIG TAPEWORM?
Settles in brain and eyes and develop into cysticerci

Back 48

Taenia solium

Front 49

This is known as the beef tapeworm***
sometimes worms emerge out of anus

Back 49

Taenia saginata

Front 50

This is known as the fish tapeworm
consumes B12 and causes B12 deficiecy?

Back 50

Diphyllobothrium latum

Front 51

The DOG tapeworm
more common in kids.....who else would ingest feces lol
eggs develop in liver, lung, and brain

Back 51

Echinococcus granulosus

Front 52

The most common tapeworm in USA
different from other tapeworms
DO NOT need intermediate animal
and one infection causes hundreds to thousands of worms into intestine
Most common in southeast US esp in children

Back 52

Hymenolepsis nana

Front 53

The most common tapeworm in cats and dogs
get it from eating infected fleas from infected cats or dogs
most infections are asymptomatic but may cause diarrhea and/or prutitis ani (itchy butt)

Back 53

Dipylidium caninum

Front 54

This is a ROUNDWORM (Nematode)
aka "pinworm"
#1 helminth in US
Dx: you do the scotch tape test
perianal pruritis esp at night

Back 54

Enterobius vermicularis

ingest eggs
hatch in sm intest
mature
move to colon
mate
At night female migrate to anus to lay eggs

Front 55

The largest intestinal Nematode***
Dx: detect eggs in stool via O&P
Has to visit the intestine 2 times to get the infection
you ingest eggs
migrate to lungs
enter bronchi and trachea
coughed up and swallowed
go to small intest
mature to adult form now
move to colon
mate and produce eggs passed in stool

Back 55

ascaris lumbricoides

Front 56

American Hookworm aka New workd hookworm
found in US and tropics
causes an iron deficient anemia
larvae penetrate skin and enter blood
enter the lungs
ascend up
are swallowed
then go to sm intest
MATURE
feed on blood in the GI tract
common in barefoot

Back 56

Necator americanus

Front 57

Old world hookworm
tropical areas
has the same pathogenesis as Necator americanus but has teeth!!!!

Back 57

Ancylostoma duodenale

Front 58

causes trichinosis
eastern europe, west africa, US
fever, myalgia, periorbital edema, eosinophilia, +/- CNS and cardiac symptoms
get from eating raw or undercooked pork/bear/seal

can enter skeletal muscle and develop into cysts esp trapezius**

Back 58

Trichinella spiralis

can also cause arrhythmias of heart

Front 59

Causes filariasis which is massive lymph node obstruction with limb edema
ELEPHANTIASIS
vector: mosquito
(+) blood test bc

Back 59

Wuchereria bancrofti

Front 60

Causes onchocerciasis aka LIZARD SKIN
BLINDNESS - RIVER BLINDNESS
vector: blackfly
found in Africa and Central America
Dx: (-) blood test - does not enter blood
(+) skin test - migrates through skin

Back 60

Onchocerca volvulus

Front 61

Causes loiasis
Vector: deer fly (aka mango fly)
will see adult form crawling across the conjunctiva***
found in central and west africa
(+) blood test

Back 61

Loa Loa

Front 62

What of worm are taken up by the vector from the host to be retransmitted to another host?

Back 62

microfilariae

Front 63

known as guinea fire worm
causes dranunculiasis
common in middle east and India
LITERALLY MAKES YOUR SKIN CRAWL
ingest from drinking water
Dx: worm movement under skin
Tx: NO meds!!! Instead roll on a stick

Back 63

Dranunculus medinensis

Front 64

causes anisakiasis
get from raw seafood via sushi and sashimi (esp salmon and red snapper)
causes gastroenteritis, eosinophilia, occult blood stool, and symptoms of appendicitis

Back 64

Anisakis simplex

Front 65

causes cutaneous larvae migrans aka "creeping eruption"
from cats and dogs
southern USA

Back 65

Ancylostom caninum/brazilienze