Bbc Compendium 8.4 Chronic Renal Failure

Front 1

Chronic renal Failure (chronic kidney disease, chronic renal disease)

Back 1

permanent reduction in renal function that progresses over weeks, months, years

Front 2

3/4 of ckd cases occur

Back 2

secondary to diabetes, glomerulonephritis, or hypertension
other causes include inresolved or severe pre-renal, intrinsic, and post renal arf

Front 3

Last stage of CKD

Back 3

stage 5, ESRD

Front 4

presentation of Chronic Renal failure

Back 4

fatigue, malaise, and nausea, general feelings of being "unwell"

Front 5

Inability to remove nitrogenous compounds from blood

Back 5

elevated creatinine and BUN - azotemia - fatigue, nausea

Front 6

inability to remove potassium via kidneys

Back 6

hyperkalemia - malaise, weakness, arrhythmia risk

Front 7

decreased erythropoietin production by kidney

Back 7

decreased EPO levels - decreased RBC production in bone marrow - normocytic anemia - fatigue

Front 8

decreased vitamin D maturation in kidney

Back 8

decreased active vitamin D - hypocalcemia - increased PTH - bone demineralization - renal osteodystrophy

Front 9

renal unresponsiveness to PTH

Back 9

hypocalcemia - increased PTH - bone demineralization - renal osterodystrophy

Front 10

decreased phosphate excretion from kidney

Back 10

phosphate binds and precipitates calcium - hypocalcemia - increased PTH - bone demineralization - renal osteodystrophy

Front 11

accumulation of sulfates, phosphates, uric acid, etc

Back 11

acids accumulate - metabolic acidosis - risk for arrythmias

Front 12

metabolic acidosis

Back 12

cellular compensation to academia - cellular K release with hydrogen ion uptake - hyperkalemia - malaise, weakness, arrhythmia

Front 13

decreased renal ability for fluid excretion

Back 13

fluid overload- hypertension and edema - pulmonary edema

Front 14

decreased Na excretion ability

Back 14

fluid overload - hypertension, edema - pulmonary edema

Front 15

destruction of kidney elements

Back 15

fibrosis and loss of cells - kidneys shrink and become permanently small (exception: PKD)