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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pneumonia
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typically refers to infectious pneumonitis
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infectious pneumonitits
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infection of the lung parenchyma, including alveolar spaces & interstitial tissue
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Risk factors for pneumonia
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alcoholism, institutionalism, smoking, COPD, immune compromise, extremes of age
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Bronchopneumonia
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confined to those alveoli contiguous to bronchi
rales and/or rhonchi on auscultation peri-bronchial infiltrates on chest x-ray primary etiologic agents: Hemophilus, pseudomonas, staphylococcus |
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Lobar pneumonia
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confined to the entire lobe
dullness to percussion; consolidation ("white out") demonstrated in that lobe on x-ray Primary etiologic agents: pneumococcus and klebsiella |
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Lobar pneumonia pneumococcus
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#1 cause of all pneumonia
streptococcus pneumonia causes pneumococcal pneumonia sudden onset with dysnea, cough, fever, rigors |
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Process of Pneumococcus pneumonia
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1. congestion (lobe filled with bacteria and mucus)
2. Red hepatization (lobe filled with rbc's) 3. Grey hempatization (lobe filled with fibrin) 4. Resolution |
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Klebsiella pneumonia
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causes friedlanders pneumonia
prolonged onset of progressive dyspnea, cough, and fever over days. Look for currant jelly sputum |
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Atypical pneumonia
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usually patchy pneumonia of lower lobes bilaterally
rales on ausculatation; patchy bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray primary etiologic agents: viruses and mycoplasma pneumonia |
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Viral atypical pneumonia
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top viral etiologies in children are RSV, adenovirus, influenza
top viral etiologies in adults are influenza a and b |
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mycoplasma pneumonia
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eaton agent
the most common lung pathogen in ages 5-35 (also causes bullous myringitis) causing pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia causes a type of atypical pneumonia termed "walking pneumonia" triad: malaise, sore throat, dry cough that evolves over weeks to months to form a productive cough for mucupurulent sputum |
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Legionnaires Disease
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unilateral patchy segmental or lobar alveolar infiltrate on chest x-ray; rales on ascultion
Hi fever with relative bradycardia + diarrhea + productive cough Usually affects middle aged males; 25% mortality without treatment Etiologic agent: Legionella pneumophila |
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Aspiration pneumonia
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due to aspiration of some substance or organism to produce acute inflammation +/- hypoxia +/- pulmonary infection
different causes are gastic acid, anaerobic bacteria (from gingivae) and mechanical obstruction |
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Gastic acid aspiration pneumonia
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chemical pneumonitits
acute onset: SOB, pink frothy sputum, bronchospasm, cyanosis usually due to aspiration of vomitus during inebriation or drug overdose |
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anaerobic bacteria aspiration pneumonia
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from gingivae, insidious onset: cough, fever, purlulent foul smelling sputum
due to aspiration of gingival organisms in saliva, secondary to decreased consciousness or decreased pharyngeal space/airway control (MS, ALS, stroke) most common bacteria: peptostreptococcus sp, bacteroides spp., and fusobacterium |
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Mechanical obstruction aspiration pneumonia
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drowning or aspiration of objects, acute sob, cynanosis
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