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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia?
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PCOS, older than 40, early menarche, nulliparity, obesity
PRE-MALIGNANT |
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Number 1 invasive CA of female genital tract?
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Endometrial carcinoma
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HPV viruses associated with CIN?
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16,18 30s40s50s
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Typical causes of cervicitis?
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gardenerella, trichomonas, candida, chlamydia
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HPV causes CIN to be pre-cancerous by...
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inhibiting p53, and RB
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What stage of CIN is considered in situ
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III
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what is the pathogenesis of PCOS
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too much LH, stimulates thecas to produce more androenstedione, peripherally this is converted to estrone....this causes negative feedback on FSH, so follicular development is arrested
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endometriosis is caused by...
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retrograde flow of endometrial tissues through fallopian tubes into peritoneal cavity
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#1 site for for endometriosis
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ovary
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chocolate cysts" appear in?
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endometriosis
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most common tumor in women
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uterine leiomyoma (fibroids)
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whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles seen on biopsy is seen in...
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uterine leiomyoma
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if you see uterus larger than expected and very high beta HCG you should think
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hydatidiform mole
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choriocarcinoma is a neoplasm consisting of?
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trophoblastic cells
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"lumpy bumpy breast"
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fibrocystic change
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fibroadenoma is msot common in
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young women
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phylloides tumor is more common in
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older women >60
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bloody or serous nipple discharge and composed of ductal epithelial cells
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intraductal papilloma
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what are the 5 types of DCIS
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comedocarcinoma
solid cribiform papillary micropapillary |
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most common breast CA
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invasive ductal carcinoma
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"scirrhous (hard), peau de orange, nipple retraction"
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invasive ductal carcinoma
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what type of breast cancer never forms calcifications or masses
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lobular carcinoma \
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lobular carcinoma is bilateral or unilateral
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bilateral
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medullary carcinoma is often associated with
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BRCA1
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a distortion of the breast without discrete density
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lobular carcinoma
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most common breast disease associated with calcification
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DCIS
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glossitis associated with what vit deficiencies?
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b2 riboflavin
b12 cobalamin |
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drying and scaling and fissuring at corners of lips associated with
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b2 riboflavin defiency
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strawberry tongue associated with
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scarlet fever
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ulceration on buccal mucosa, first sign of
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measles
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zenkers diverticula occur where
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above UES
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acute erosive gastritis, ulcers in as little as 48 hrs can be caused by
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excessive sympathetic stimulation...form severe bruns(curlings ulcer) and head trauma (cushings ulcer)
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type A gastritis affects what region of stomach
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fundus...autoimmune
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chronic type A gastritis results in
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pernicious anemia (ab against intrinsic factor and parietal cells) and achlorhydria
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type A gastritis associated with
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hashimotos, addisons, vitligo
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menetriers disease
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mucosal hypertrohpy, concomitant atrophy of glands
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most common type of colonic polyps
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hyperplastic polyps
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pseudopolyps assocaited with
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IBD...inflamed regenerating tissue surrounded by ulceration
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what type of polyps have the highest risk for malignancy?
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adenomatous polyps of the villous adenoma type (greater than 4 cm)
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villous adenoma polyps cause what three things
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gross rectal bleeding, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia
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zenkers diverticula occur where
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above UES
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acute erosive gastritis, ulcers in as little as 48 hrs can be caused by
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excessive sympathetic stimulation...form severe bruns(curlings ulcer) and head trauma (cushings ulcer)
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type A gastritis affects what region of stomach
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fundus...autoimmune
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chronic type A gastritis results in
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pernicious anemia (ab against intrinsic factor and parietal cells) and achlorhydria
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type A gastritis associated with
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hashimotos, addisons, vitligo
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menetriers disease
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mucosal hypertrohpy, concomitant atrophy of glands
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most common type of colonic polyps
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hyperplastic polyps
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pseudopolyps assocaited with
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IBD...inflamed regenerating tissue surrounded by ulceration (ulcerative colitis)
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what type of polyps have the highest risk for malignancy?
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adenomatous polyps of the villous adenoma type (greater than 4 cm)
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villous adenoma polyps cause what three things
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gross rectal bleeding, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia
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FAP, what inheritance and what gene is it associated
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autosomal dominant
APC tumor suppressor gene |
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Garnder's syndrome
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form of FAP
+benign tumors of mandible, epidermal cysts, risk for abnormal dentition 100% risk of polyps turning into CA |
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Turcot's syndrome
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form of FAP
+malignant brain tumors, high rsik for colon cancer |
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lynch syndome due to
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defective DNA mismatch repair genes
AD cancer doesn't come from adenomatous polyps |
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sites of metastesis for colon cancer
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liver and lungs
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SX of diverticulitis
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LLQ pain, fever, elevated neutrophils, diarrhea, no bleeding!
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does diverticulosis cause bleeding
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yes, different from diverticulitis
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crohn's has more or less bleeding than UC
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less bleeding more pain,
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what is transmural, crohns or UC
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crohns!
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etiologic agent of whipples disease
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tropheryma whippellii (type of actinomyces)
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biopsy findings in whipples disease
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PAS+ macrophages, due to actinomyces (gram-positive)
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most common type of gallstone is made out of what
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cholesterol
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