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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is addiction a disease?
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YES
Volitional aspects at start but INVOLUNTARY behavior in dependent state |
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What is the goal in the treatment of addiction?
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Stable long term remission, risk of relapse remains
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Is tolerance the same as an addiction?
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NO NO NO
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addiction is a disorder of what system?
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Reward system
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Which drug has the highest rate of addiction among those who try it?
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Nicotine
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Addictive drugs activate the reward system via increasing what?
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Dopamine transmission
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Do adolescents or adults become addicted more easily?
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Adolescents
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What makes prescription drugs have a high potential for abuse?
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If they increase dopamine levels
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What is one main way that drugs cause increase in dopamine levels?
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Dopamine reuptake inhibition
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What is the most common non-substance abuse addiction?
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Gambling
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What 3 variables interact to potentially produce an addiction?
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1. Drug
2. Host (genes) 3. Environment |
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What are 4 main "host" factors affecting drug use?
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1. Individual vulnerability
2. Metabolism 3. Amount of reward 4. Psychiatric Disorders ("self medication) |
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If someone has a higher innate tolerance, what is their risk for addiction?
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HIGHER
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What are the 4 aspects of acquired tolerance?
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1. Pharmacokinetic - more rapid metabolism
2. Pharmacodynamic - down regulation of receptors 3. Behavioral tolerance 4. Conditioned Tolerance - conditions to signals the predict arrival of drug |
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How does tolerancce/withdrawal relate to the diagnosis of an addiction?
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NOT necessary nor sufficient
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What is cross tolerance?
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Decrease in response to one drug as a result of exposure to another drug
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What are 2 examples of cross tolerance?
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1. Heroin - methadone
2. Alcohol - oxazepam |
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What is sensitization?
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Increased effect of drug
In stimulants see increased effect with repeated, spaced dosing |
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What is seen in terms of D2 receptors in addicts?
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Lower amounts, "Washed out"
Increase in DA causes decrease in D2 receptors (causes tolerance) |
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Upon remission, are improvements seen in D2 receptor density in cocaine abusers?
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YES, but might not ever go back to normal (maybe wasn't normal to begin with)
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High D2 receptor density gives what response to a drug?
Low D2 density? |
High density = unpleasant response
Low density = pleasant response |
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In dominant/subordinant positions, which animal got a positive response from dopamine?
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Subordinant
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What is a strong irrational impulse to carry out a given act?
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Compulsion
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Which type of addict is easier to treat and usually has a better outcome?
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"Pure" addicts that don't have any other problems
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What are 4 main factors that can lead to relapse?
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1. Psychiatric problems
2. Social Problems 3. Protracted abstinence 4. Conditioned response |
