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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the 2 major types of human aggression?
1. Predatory - controlled, procactive

2. Impulsive - reactive, hostile, affective
What are 4 brain structures that drive aggression/ "step on gas"?
1. Amygdala

2. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

3. Hypothalmus

4. Periaqueductal grey
What are 3 brain structures that inhibit aggression / "put on the brakes"?
1. Septum

2. Frontal Cortex

3. Raphe Nuclei
What is kluver-bucy syndrome?
Disorder where temporal lobe lesions cause inability to express anger or fear
Information about threatening signals from other individuals is transmitted where in the brain?
Amygdala
Physiological responses to threatening signals (projected to amygdala) are produced where?
Produced by projections from amygdala to HYPOTHALAMUS and brainstem
In humans, what is the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex?

Why, neurologically, is this?
INHIBITS aggression

Because of inhibitory pathway from the ventromedial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex to the amygdala
What is the role of the septum in aggression?
Inhibits aggression
Approximately what % of variance in aggressiveness may be attributable to genes?
20-50%
What is the role of serotonin, dopamine, and GABA in aggression?
Serotonin (5-HT) - decreases aggression

Dopamine - Increases aggression (?)

GABA - complex: may increase at high levels, but decrease at low levels
What is the effect of SSRI's on aggression?
Decreases (because increases 5-HT)
What is the finding regarding the 5-HIAA serotonin metabolite that reflects presynaptic serotonergic activity in the brain?
CSF 5-HIAA levels are inversely related to aggression
It is thought that serotonins inhibitory effect on aggression may be mediated via what receptor?
5-HT1B
What is the function of the monoamine oxidaes (MAOA/MAOB)?
Involved in inactivation of monoamines NE, dopamine, and serotonin
A point mutation in the gene for MAOA on X chrom causes what?
Brunner syndrome - impulsive assaultive behavior and mild mental retardation
How do alleles that cause low activity of MAOA increase susceptibility to aggressive behaviors?
May be via a brain developmental effect
Increases GABAergic transmission usually has what effect on aggressive behaviors?
Decreases aggressive behaviors
What is the effect of vasopresson on aggression?
Increases aggression
Inter male aggression in most species is dependent upon the presence of what hormone?
Testosterone
Chronically and acutely elevated glucocorticoids have what effect on aggressive behaviors?
Chronically elevated - decrease

Acutely elevated - increase
What are 2 acute treatments for aggression?
1. Benzodiazepines

2. Antipsychotics
What are 2 long term treatments of aggressive behaviors?
1. Typical antipsychotics

2. Atypical antipsychotics