Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Among psychiatric illnesses, what is exceptional about schizophrenia?
|
It's heterogeneity
|
|
|
What is one prominent feature of schizophrenia patients brains on CT scan?
|
Large ventricles
|
|
|
What is seen in terms of grey matter in schizophrenia patients?
|
Reduced (5-10%) grey matter
|
|
|
What is seen in terms of white matter tracts in schizophrenia patients?
|
White matter tracts are disrupted
|
|
|
Do family members show similiar grey matter losses in schizophrenia?
|
Yes
|
|
|
What is the heritability of schizophrenia?
|
60%
|
|
|
Have distict genetic loci been identified for schizophrenia?
|
a few have, but due to heterogeneity not many have been replicated. And those that have only explain a small % of people.
|
|
|
A reduction of what protein is observed in schizophrenia?
|
Dysbindin
|
|
|
What transported was increased in schizophrenia?
|
Presynaptic glutamate transporter
|
|
|
A decrease in which intracellular signaling molecule is seen in schizophrenia?
|
cAMP
|
|
|
What types of odors can schizophrenia patients smell (and not smell)?
|
When odorarant is high cAMP inducer, patients can smell it
When odoroant isn't a high cAMP inducer, patients can't smell it |
|
|
What are the 2 main types of environmental factors?
|
1. Pre-natal or peri-natal insults
2. Child / Adolescent Psychosocial stressors |
|
|
In terms of time, what is a risk factor for schizophrenia?
|
Season of Birth - winter months give higher rates of schizophrenia
|
|
|
What are the 2 most important factors in terms of attributable risks?
|
1. Place of birth
2. Season of birth |
|
|
What pre-natal infection has been shown to increase the risk of schizophrenia?
|
Influenza
|
|
|
What is seen in schizophrenia in terms of olfactory sulcal development?
|
Sulci not formed fully
|
|
|
What is seen wrt to immigration status and schizophrenia risk?
|
First generation has elevated risk due to immigration stresses
Second generation has highest risk due to stresses of integration into new community |
|
|
Many other genes found to be related to schizophrenia are important in what?
|
Maintaining the integrity of the synapse
|
|
|
What NT is thought to be very important in the manifestation of positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
|
Dopamine
|
|
|
What drugs mimic positive psychotic symptoms?
|
Psychostimulants (amphetamines and cocaine)
|
|
|
Which types of schizophrenia patients show the biggest benefits from DA blockers?
|
Those with very high DA activity
|
|
|
What other NT has been implicated in schizophrenia?
|
Glutamate
|
|
|
What receptor antagonists mimic both positive and negative symptoms of an acute schizophrenic break?
|
NMDA glutamate receptor
|
|
|
NMDA receptor blockage can lead to what?
|
Glutamatergic hyperactivity in associated pyramidal cells
|
|
|
Increased glutamate activity can have what effect?
|
Neurotoxic effect
Could explain grey matter loss in early stages of schizophrenia |
|
|
Reduction of what type of receptors is seen in schizophrenia patients?
|
NMDA glutamate receptors
|
