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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 6 anxiety disorders?
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1. PTST
2. OCD 3. Panic Disorder 4. Specific Phobia 5. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) 6. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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What is the utility of psychiatiric neuroimaging?
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Useful for identifying average neural differences between groups of individuals with a specific disorder and without that disorder
Not for the individual though |
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What is a phobia?
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excessive or unreasonable fears of specific objects and/or situations
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A social phobia is characterized by what?
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Fear of being in social situations in which one will be embarrassed or humiliated
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How is social phobia explained in an evolutionary context?
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In the EEA, if you got cut off/excluded you died
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What are the cognitive variable in terms of social phobia?
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Negative thought processes that reinforce the phobia.
Ex: thinking public speaking went worse than it did |
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Hyperactivity is seen in which 2 brain areas in social phobia?
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The insula and Amygdala
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What are the 2 (paradoxycal) effects of Negazodone T(x) for social anxiety disorder?
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1. Increases the insula, middle frontal gyrus, ACC, and hypocampal activites
2. Decreases in dorsolateral and medial PFC and Dorsal ACC |
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What 2 areas are involved in cognitive "self-reference"?
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Medial PFC
Dorsal ACC |
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What are 2 characteristics of panic disorder?
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1. Persistent unexpected panic attacks
2. Fear of other attacks and/or concerns about implications |
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What is agoraphobia?
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Fear/Anxiety of situation where it is difficult/embarrassing to escape
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What are interoceptive fears?
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Fear of the fear response itself
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What are 3 areas implicated in panic disorder?
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1. Insula
2. Anterior Cingulate 3. Periaqueductal Grey matter (has role in defensive behavior) |
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What are the 2 main treatments for Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia?
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1. Medications
2. CBT |
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What are 2 neural changes seen following CBT for panic disorder?
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1. Decreased activity in hippocampus, ACC, cerebellum, and pons
2. Increased activity in medial PFC |
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What are the 2 general characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder?
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1. Excessive and uncontrollable worry ( >6 months)
2. Additional symptoms (sleep, muscle tension, concentration problems) |
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What are 3 biological risk factors for GAD?
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1. Genetic factors (related to neuroticism and depression)
2. Functional Deficiency of GABA 3. Neurobiological differences between anxiety and panic |
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Patients with GAD may use what to dampen emotional experience?
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Cognitive Strategy (worry):
ex terror about the kids getting hurt, so worry about everything to protect them |
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In GAD what level of connectivity is seen between amygdala and ACC/insula?
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Dampened connectivity
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In GAD, what level of connectivity is seen between amygdala and DLPFC?
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Great connectivity
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