Bb1 Personality Disorders

Front 1

What about personality disorders in children?

Back 1

Generally not diagnosed in children, but can be
(except antisocial, which cannot be diagnosed in someone under the age of 18)

Front 2

What personality disorders are more common in men?

Back 2

Paranoid
Schizotypal
Narcissistic
Antisocial
Obsessive compulsive

Front 3

What personality disorders are more common in women?

Back 3

Borderline
Histrionic
Dependent

Front 4

What are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?

Back 4

Cluster A (Odd)
Cluster B (Dramatic)
Cluster C (Anxious)

Front 5

What 3 disorders fit in cluster A?

Back 5

Schizotypal
Schizoid
Paranoid

Front 6

What 4 disorders fit in cluster B?

Back 6

Histrionic
Narcissistic
Antisocial
Borderline

Front 7

What 3 disorders fit in cluster C?

Back 7

Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive compulsive

Front 8

Paranoid personality disorder: etiology?

Back 8

Genetics - suspiciousness, mistrust
Weak genetic link with schizophrenia
Possible link with parental criticism and rejection

Front 9

Paranoid personality disorder: describe ideation. mistrust? course? for the purpose of differentiation.

Back 9

Ideation: not absurd, inconceivable, or bizarre
Mistrust: generalized rather than isolated to one area
Chronic course rather than episodic

Front 10

Paranoid personality disorder: treatment? (drugs and attitude)

Back 10

Antipsychotic medications may help psychotic delusions of persecution but not generalized suspiciousness
Neutral, nonconfrontive stance in therapy

Front 11

Schizoid personality disorder:etiology?

Back 11

Genetic links with introversion but not schizophrenia
Excessively low ability to experience positive affets

Front 12

Schizoid personality disorder: how to differentiate from avoidant personality disorder?

Back 12

Absence of desire for relationships

Front 13

Schizoid personality disorder: how is it similar to schizophrenia?

Back 13

Closely resembles the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: flat affect, decreased speech, poor motivation

Front 14

Schizoid personality disorder: treatment

Back 14

Antipsychotic medications are typically not beneficial
Social skills training and supportive psychotherapy

Front 15

Schizotypal personality disorder: etiology?

Back 15

Strong genetic link with schizophrenia

Front 16

Schizotypal personality disorder: signs?

Back 16

Signs of CNS dysfunction:
Impaired smooth pursuit eye movement
Abnormalities in galvanic skin orienting responses and evoked potential responses
Increased ventricular-brain ratio on brain imaging
Smaller superior temporal gyrus

Front 17

Schizotypal personality disorder: similarities to schizophrenia?

Back 17

Resembles the prodromal or residual phases of schizophrenia where psychotic symptoms are present in an attenuated form

Front 18

Schizotypal personality disorder: key to diagnosis?

Back 18

No deterioration of functioning

Front 19

Schizotypal personality disorder: treatment?

Back 19

Antipsychotic medications are beneficial
Social skills training and supportive psychotherapy

Front 20

Antisocial personality disorder: etiology?

Back 20

Strong genetic component
Low MAO-A activity combined with childhood maltreatment increases risk of violent behavior

Front 21

Antisocial personality disorder: clinical findings?

Back 21

Hyporeactive electrodermal responses associated with deficits in anticipatory anxiety and worrying
Smaller prefrontal cortex and amygdala

Front 22

Antisocial personality disorder: misdiagnosis?

Back 22

Women often misdiagnosed as histrionic or boderline
Male borderlines may be misdiagnosed as antisocial

Front 23

Antisocial personality disorders: treatment?

Back 23

Most difficult to treat
Mood stabilizers may help curb impulsive aggression
Prolonged incarceration may be only solution

Front 24

Borderline personality disorder: etiology?

Back 24

Childhood abuse, neglect, and past trauma
Parental conflict and abandonment

Front 25

Borderline personality disorder: brain changes?

Back 25

Smaller hippocampi and amygdala

Front 26

Borderline personality disorder: cardinal symptom?

Back 26

Self mutilation

Front 27

Borderline personality disorder: projection?

Back 27

Can project their internal dysphoria onto others including treatment providers

Front 28

Borderline personality disorder: what must you distinguish from and how?

Back 28

Chronicity helps to distinguish from bipolar disorder

Front 29

Borderline personality disorder: treatment? what should you avoid?

Back 29

Dialectical behavior therapy
Mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medications, and antidepressants have been helpful for specific symptoms
Benzodiazepines are best avoided due to further disinhibition

Front 30

Name 3 mood stabilizers.

Back 30

Lithium
Valproate
Carbamazepine

Front 31

Name 3 antipsychotics.

Back 31

Olanzapine
Aripiprazole
Risperidone

Front 32

Name 3 antidepressants.

Back 32

Sertraline
Citalopram
Venlafaxine

Front 33

Name 3 benzodiazpines.

Back 33

Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

Front 34

What is dialectical behavior therapy?

Back 34

Manualized group and individual therapy program which combines cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and interpersonal effectiveness training

Front 35

Histrionic personality disorder: etiology?

Back 35

Some genetic components of impulsivity and sensation-seeking with antisocial personality disorder
Families may reinforce attention-seeking behaviors

Front 36

Histrionic personality disorder: brain changes?

Back 36

Affective instability may be associated with hyperresponsive noradrenergic system

Front 37

Histrionic personality disorder: how does this affect women?

Back 37

Cultural bias may lead to misdiagnosis of antisocial females

Front 38

Histrionic personality disorder: how do males present?

Back 38

With exaggerated masculinity

Front 39

Histrionic personality disorder: treatment?

Back 39

Individual and group psychotherapy
Antidepressants may help with intesive affectivity and rejection sensitivity

Front 40

Narcissistic personality disorder: etiology?

Back 40

Cultural factors: Western society's emphasis on materialism instead of family and religious values
Parental factors ranging from unempathetic and neglectful to overly idealizing stances

Front 41

Narcissistic personality disorder: unique presentation?

Back 41

May present quietly with internal narcissism

Front 42

Narcissistic personality disorder: appearance? comorbidities?

Back 42

May appear to be highly functioning on the surface

Overlap with antisocial traits.
Prone to mood disorders, anorexia, substance abuse

Front 43

Narcissistic personality disorder: why do the seek treatment? what treatment can they get?

Back 43

Often enter treatment due to occupational and relational problems
Psychodynamic and other types of psychotherapy

Front 44

Avoidant personality disorder: etiology?

Back 44

Shyness, introversion, and social anxiousness all have substantial heritability
Parental overprotection and cautiousness may contribute

Front 45

Avoidant personality disorder: neurological changes and the symptoms they cause?

Back 45

May have excessive autonomic arousal, fearfulness, and inhibition due to:
Elevated peripheral sympathetic activity
Enhanced adrenocortical responsiveness
Exaggerated amygdala activation

Front 46

Avoidant personality disorder: difference from social phobia? cluster A? antisocial?

Back 46

Pervasiveness distinguishes from social phobia
Unlike cluster A they strongly desire relationships
More shy than asocial

Front 47

Avoidant personality disorder: treatment?

Back 47

Behavioral anxiety reduction techniques
Anti-anxiety medications and antidepressants are helpful

Front 48

Dependent personality disorder: etiology and result?

Back 48

Parents may be clinging and interfere with normal separation. Insecure attachment and helplesness is the result.

Front 49

Dependent personality disorder: who often gets it? age of onset?

Back 49

May develp in persons with debilitating or psychiatric conditions

Traits must be present by late childhood or early adolescence to make the diagnosis

Front 50

Dependent personality disorder: treatment?

Back 50

Avoid development of overdependence on treatment provider
Supportive group therapy

Front 51

Obsessive Compulsive personality disorder: etiology?

Back 51

Obsessionality and conscientiousness are heritable

Front 52

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder: difference from OCD?

Back 52

Lack intrusive obsessions and compulsive rituals

Front 53

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder: treatment?

Back 53

Individual cognitive or psychodynamic psychotherapy
Medications usually only impact comorbid axis I conditions

Front 54

Paranoid personality disorder: general description?

Back 54

Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent.

Front 55

Schizoid personality disorder: general description?

Back 55

Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.
Doesn't enjoy close relationships, chooses solitary activities.
Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities.
Emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity.

Front 56

Schizotypal personality disorder: general description?

Back 56

Acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.
Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms

Front 57

Antisocial personality disorder: general description?

Back 57

Pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15
Repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest
Lack of remorse
Reckless disregard for safety of self or others

Front 58

Borderline personality disorder: general description?

Back 58

Instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity
Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
Recurrent suicidal behavior

Front 59

Histrionic personality disorder: general description?

Back 59

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Uncomfortable when not the center of attention
Inappropriate sexually seductive behavior
Uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
Considers relationships to be more intimate than they are

Front 60

Narcissistic personality disorder: general description?

Back 60

Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, ideal love
Sense of entitlement

Front 61

Avoidant personality disorder: general description?

Back 61

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Avoids occupatonal activities that involve significant interpersonal contact
Views self as socially inept, personally unappeaaling

Front 62

Dependent personality disorder: general description?

Back 62

Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation
Difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive amount of advice and reassurance
Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant

Front 63

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: general description?

Back 63

Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expensve of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
Interferes with task completion
Overconscientious, scrupulus, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethiics or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identifications)