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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ALS: pathology?
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Degeneration/chromatolysis of ventral horn motor neurons
End stage disease is characterized by loss of primary motor neurons in the neocortex as well as neurons in certain brainstem motor nuclei Transverse sections of the spinal cord show discoloration and shrinkage of the lateral corticospinal tracts |
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Potential mechanism of riluzole.
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May have neuroprotective effects in motor neurons by blocking the release or the action of the excitotoxic amino acid glutamate
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APP gene: location? function? disease state?
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Chromosome 21
encodes a glycoprotein which is cleaved to create the A-beta amyloid peptide Deposited in senile plaques |
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What is the gross pathology of alzheimer's disease?
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Generalized cortical atrophy with shrinkage of the amygdala and hippocampus
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What is the neurotransmitter pathology of AD?
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Significant loss of ACh due to neuronal loss within the basal forebrain, which is the major cholinergic input to the cerebral cortex.
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General criteria for AD diagnosis
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Plaques and NFTs in the hippocampus and neocortex, and a clinical history of dementia
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What are the neuropathological changes of PD?
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Loss of pigmented neurons in SN
Loss of pigment in remaining neurons Presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies - SN and locus coeruleus |
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Describe the appearance of Lewy bodies.
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Bright pink (eosinophilic) spherical inclusions which often have a clear halo surrounding them, pushing aside the neuromelanin pigment. Filamentous structures.
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Neuropathology of Huntington's disease
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Loss of medium spiny neurons in the striatum
Gross - marked atrophy of the striatum and generalized cortical atrophy, including bilateral frontal lobes In the neocortex, loss of neurons in layers III, V, and VI. Intranuclear inclusions |
